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功能與 API

Android 17 為開發人員推出了強大的新功能和 API。以下各節會簡要說明這些功能，協助您開始使用相關 API。

如需新增、修改及移除 API 的詳細清單，請參閱 API 差異比較表。如要進一步瞭解新的 API，請參閱 Android API 參考資料 - 新的 API 會醒目顯示，以利於查看。

此外，也請查看平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響。詳情請參閱下列頁面：

核心功能

Android 17 新增了下列與 Android 核心功能相關的功能。

新的 ProfilingManager 觸發條件

Android 17 adds several new system triggers to ProfilingManager to help you collect in-depth data to debug performance issues.

The new triggers are:

TRIGGER_TYPE_COLD_START: Trigger occurs during app cold start. It provides both a call stack sample and a system trace in the response.
TRIGGER_TYPE_OOM: Trigger occurs when an app throws an OutOfMemoryError and provides a Java Heap Dump in response.
TRIGGER_TYPE_KILL_EXCESSIVE_CPU_USAGE: Trigger occurs when an app is killed due to abnormal and excessive CPU usage and provides a call stack sample in response.
TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY: Detect system performance anomalies such as excessive binder calls and excessive memory usage.

To understand how to set up the system trigger, see the documentation on trigger-based profiling and how to retrieve and analyze profiling data documentation.

Profiling trigger for app anomalies

Android 17 introduces an on-device anomaly detection service that monitors for resource-intensive behaviors and potential compatibility regressions. Integrated with ProfilingManager, this service allows your app to receive profiling artifacts triggered by specific system-detected events.

Use the TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY trigger to detect system performance issues such as excessive binder calls and excessive memory usage. When an app breaches OS-defined memory limits, the anomaly trigger allows developers to receive app-specific heap dumps to help identify and fix memory issues. Additionally, for excessive binder spam, the anomaly trigger provides a stack sampling profile on binder transactions.

This API callback occurs prior to any system imposed enforcements. For example, it can help developers collect debug data before the app is terminated by the system for exceeding memory limits.

val profilingManager =
    applicationContext.getSystemService(ProfilingManager::class.java)
val triggers = ArrayList<ProfilingTrigger>()
triggers.add(ProfilingTrigger.Builder(ProfilingTrigger.TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY))
val mainExecutor: Executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
val resultCallback = Consumer<ProfilingResult> { profilingResult ->
    if (profilingResult.errorCode != ProfilingResult.ERROR_NONE) {
        // upload profile result to server for further analysis
        setupProfileUploadWorker(profilingResult.resultFilePath)
    }
    profilingManager.registerForAllProfilingResults(mainExecutor,
                                                    resultCallback)
    profilingManager.addProfilingTriggers(triggers)
}

JobDebugInfo API

Android 17 introduces new JobDebugInfo APIs to help developers debug their JobScheduler jobs--why they aren't running, how long they ran for, and other aggregated information.

The first method of the expanded JobDebugInfo APIs is getPendingJobReasonStats(), which returns a map of reasons why the job was in a pending execution state and their respective cumulative pending durations. This method joins the getPendingJobReasonsHistory() and getPendingJobReasons() methods to give you insight into why a scheduled job is not running as expected, but simplifies information retrieval by making both duration and job reason available in a single method.

For example, for a specified jobId, the method might return PENDING_JOB_REASON_CONSTRAINT_CHARGING and a duration of 60000 ms, indicating the job was pending for 60000ms due to the charging constraint not being satisfied.

支援允許閒置時的鬧鐘，減少喚醒鎖定

Android 17 introduces a new variant of AlarmManager.setExactAndAllowWhileIdle that accepts an OnAlarmListener instead of a PendingIntent. This new callback-based mechanism is ideal for apps that currently rely on continuous wakelocks to perform periodic tasks, such as messaging apps maintaining socket connections.

隱私權

Android 17 包含下列新功能，可提升使用者隱私。

支援 Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) 的平台

Android 17 推出平台支援的 Encrypted Client Hello (ECH)，可大幅提升網路通訊的隱私權。ECH 是 TLS 1.3 擴充功能，可在初始 TLS 握手期間加密伺服器名稱指標 (SNI)。這項加密功能可讓網路中介者更難以識別應用程式連線的特定網域，有助於保護使用者隱私。

平台現在包含網路程式庫實作 ECH 所需的 API。這包括 DnsResolver 中的新功能，可查詢含有 ECH 設定的 HTTPS DNS 記錄，以及 Conscrypt 的 SSLEngines 和 SSLSockets 中的新方法，可在連線至網域時傳遞這些設定來啟用 ECH。開發人員可以透過網路安全性設定檔中的新 <domainEncryption> 元素，設定 ECH 偏好設定，例如視情況啟用或強制使用 ECH，適用於全域或個別網域。

HttpEngine、WebView 和 OkHttp 等熱門網路程式庫預計會在日後的更新中整合這些平台 API，讓應用程式更容易採用 ECH 並提升使用者隱私權。

詳情請參閱「加密用戶端問候訊息」說明文件。

Android 聯絡人選擇工具

The Android Contact Picker is a standardized, browsable interface for users to share contacts with your app. Available on devices running Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the picker offers a privacy-preserving alternative to the broad READ_CONTACTS permission. Instead of requesting access to the user's entire address book, your app specifies the data fields it needs, such as phone numbers or email addresses, and the user selects specific contacts to share. This grants your app read access to only the selected data, ensuring granular control while providing a consistent user experience with built-in search, profile switching, and multi-selection capabilities without having to build or maintain the UI.

For more information, see the contact picker documentation.

安全性

Android 17 新增了下列功能，可提升裝置和應用程式安全性。

Android 進階保護模式 (AAPM)

Android Advanced Protection Mode offers Android users a powerful new set of security features, marking a significant step in safeguarding users—particularly those at higher risk—from sophisticated attacks. Designed as an opt-in feature, AAPM is activated with a single configuration setting that users can turn on at any time to apply an opinionated set of security protections.

These core configurations include blocking app installation from unknown sources (sideloading), restricting USB data signaling, and mandating Google Play Protect scanning, which significantly reduces the device's attack surface area. Developers can integrate with this feature using the AdvancedProtectionManager API to detect the mode's status, enabling applications to automatically adopt a hardened security posture or restrict high-risk functionality when a user has opted in.

PQC APK 簽署

Android now supports a hybrid APK signature scheme to future-proof your app's signing identity against the potential threat of attacks that make use of quantum computing. This feature introduces a new APK Signature Scheme, which lets you pair a classical signing key (such as RSA or EC) with a new post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithm (ML-DSA).

This hybrid approach ensures your app remains secure against future quantum attacks while maintaining full backward compatibility with older Android versions and devices that rely on classical signature verification.

Impact on developers

Apps using Play App Signing: If you use Play App Signing, you can wait for Google Play to give you the option to upgrade a hybrid signature using a PQC key generated by Google Play, ensuring your app is protected without requiring manual key management.
Apps using self-managed keys: Developers who manage their own signing keys can utilize updated Android build tools (like apksigner) to rotate to a hybrid identity, combining a PQC key with a new classical key. (You must create a new classical key, you cannot reuse the older one.)

連線能力

Android 17 新增下列功能，可提升裝置和應用程式的連線能力。

受限的衛星網路

Implements optimizations to enable apps to function effectively over low-bandwidth satellite networks.

使用者體驗和系統 UI

Android 17 包含下列異動項目，可提升使用者體驗。

專屬的 Google 助理音量串流

Android 17 introduces a dedicated Assistant volume stream for Assistant apps, for playback with USAGE_ASSISTANT. This change decouples Assistant audio from the standard media stream, providing users with isolated control over both volumes. This enables scenarios such as muting media playback while maintaining audibility for Assistant responses, and the other way around.

Assistant apps with access to the new MODE_ASSISTANT_CONVERSATION audio mode can further improve the volume control consistency. Assistant apps can use this mode to provide a hint to the system about an active Assistant session, ensuring the Assistant stream can be controlled outside of the active USAGE_ASSISTANT playback or with connected Bluetooth peripherals.

Handoff

接續功能是 Android 17 的新功能和 API，應用程式開發人員可整合這項功能，為使用者提供跨裝置連續性。使用者可以在一部 Android 裝置上啟動應用程式活動，然後轉移到另一部 Android 裝置。接手功能會在使用者裝置的背景執行，並透過各種進入點 (例如啟動器和工作列)，在接收裝置上顯示使用者其他鄰近裝置的可用活動。

如果接收裝置已安裝相同的原生 Android 應用程式，且該應用程式可供使用，應用程式可以指定 Handoff 啟動該應用程式。在這個應用程式對應用程式的流程中，系統會將使用者深層連結至指定活動。或者，應用程式到網站的交接功能可以做為備用選項，也可以直接透過網址交接功能導入。

「接力」支援功能是以活動為單位實作。如要啟用接續功能，請呼叫活動的 setHandoffEnabled() 方法。您可能需要連同交接作業傳遞額外資料，以便在接收裝置上重建活動時還原適當狀態。實作 onHandoffActivityDataRequested() 回呼，傳回 HandoffActivityData 物件，其中包含詳細資料，指定 Handoff 應如何處理及在接收裝置上重新建立活動。

即時更新 - 語意色彩 API

在 Android 17 中，即時更新會推出語意著色 API，支援具有通用意義的顏色。

下列類別支援語意著色：

著色

綠色：與安全相關。這個顏色應在您處於安全情況時使用，讓其他人知道您安全無虞。
橘色：用於標示注意事項和實體危害。如果使用者需要注意設定，才能獲得更完善的保護措施，就應使用這個顏色。
紅色：通常表示危險，請停止。如果需要緊急引起使用者注意，就應顯示這類訊息。
藍色：中性色，適用於資訊內容，且應與其他內容有所區別。

以下範例說明如何將語意樣式套用至通知中的文字：

  val ssb = SpannableStringBuilder()
        .append("Colors: ")
        .append("NONE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_UNSPECIFIED), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("INFO", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_INFO), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("SAFE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_SAFE), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("CAUTION", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_CAUTION), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("DANGER", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_DANGER), 0)

    Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
          .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_icon)
          .setContentTitle("Hello World!")
          .setContentText(ssb)
          .setOngoing(true)
              .setRequestPromotedOngoing(true)

Android 17 適用的 UWB 下行鏈路 TDoA API

Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDoA) ranging lets a device determine its position relative to multiple anchors by measuring the relative arrival times of signals.

The following snippet demonstrates how to initialize the Ranging Manager, verify device capabilities, and start a DL-TDoA session:

Kotlin

class RangingApp {

    fun initDlTdoa(context: Context) {
        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)

        // Register for device capabilities
        val capabilitiesCallback = object : RangingManager.RangingCapabilitiesCallback {
            override fun onRangingCapabilities(capabilities: RangingCapabilities) {
                // Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
                if (capabilities.uwbCapabilities != null && capabilities.uwbCapabilities!!.isDlTdoaSupported) {
                    startDlTDoASession(context)
                }
            }
        }
        rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback)
    }

    fun startDlTDoASession(context: Context) {

        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)

        // Create session and configure parameters
        val executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
        val rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, RangingSessionCallback())
        val rangingRoundIndexes = byteArrayOf(0)
        val config: ByteArray = byteArrayOf() // OOB config data
        val params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes)

        val rangingDevice = RangingDevice.Builder().build()
        val rawTagDevice = RawRangingDevice.Builder()
            .setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
            .setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
            .build()

        val dtTagConfig = RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build()

        val preference = RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
            .setSessionConfig(SessionConfig.Builder().build())
            .build()

        // Start the ranging session
        rangingSession.start(preference)
    }
}

private class RangingSessionCallback : RangingSession.Callback {
    override fun onDlTdoaResults(peer: RangingDevice, measurement: DlTdoaMeasurement) {
        // Process measurement results here
    }
}

Java

public class RangingApp {

    public void initDlTdoa(Context context) {

        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);

        // Register for device capabilities
        RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback capabilitiesCallback = new RangingManager.RangingCapabilitiesCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onRangingCapabilities(RangingCapabilities capabilities) {
                // Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
                if (capabilities.getUwbCapabilities() != null && capabilities.getUwbCapabilities().isDlTdoaSupported()) {
                    startDlTDoASession(context);
                }
            }
        };
        rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback);
    }

    public void startDlTDoASession(Context context) {
        RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);

        // Create session and configure parameters
        Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        RangingSession rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, new RangingSessionCallback());
        byte[] rangingRoundIndexes = new byte[] {0};
        byte[] config = new byte[0]; // OOB config data
        DlTdoaRangingParams params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes);

        RangingDevice rangingDevice = new RangingDevice.Builder().build();
        RawRangingDevice rawTagDevice = new RawRangingDevice.Builder()
                .setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
                .setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
                .build();

        RawDtTagRangingConfig dtTagConfig = new RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build();

        RangingPreference preference = new RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
                .setSessionConfig(new SessionConfig.Builder().build())
                .build();

        // Start the ranging session
        rangingSession.start(preference);
    }

    private static class RangingSessionCallback implements RangingSession.Callback {

        @Override
        public void onDlTdoaResults(RangingDevice peer, DlTdoaMeasurement measurement) {
            // Process measurement results here
        }
    }
}

Out-of-Band (OOB) Configurations

The following snippet provides an example of DL-TDoA OOB configuration data for Wi-Fi and BLE:

Java

// Wifi Configuration
byte[] wifiConfig = {
    (byte) 0xDD, (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x5A, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
    (byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
    (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
    (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
    (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
    (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
    (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
    (byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
    (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
    (byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01  // Session ID
};

// BLE Configuration
byte[] bleConfig = {
    (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x16, (byte) 0xF4, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
    (byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
    (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
    (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
    (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
    (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
    (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
    (byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
    (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
    (byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01  // Session ID
};

If you can't use an OOB configuration because it is missing, or if you need to change default values that aren't in the OOB config, you can build parameters with DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder as shown in the following snippet. You can use these parameters in place of DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket():

Kotlin

val dlTdoaParams = DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
    .setComplexChannel(UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
            .setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
    .setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
    .setSessionKeyInfo(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04))
    .setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
    .setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
    .setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
    .setRangingRoundIndexes(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x05))
    .build()

Java

DlTdoaRangingParams dlTdoaParams = new DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
    .setComplexChannel(new UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
            .setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
    .setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
    .setSessionKeyInfo(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04})
    .setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
    .setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
    .setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
    .setRangingRoundIndexes(new byte[]{0x01, 0x05})
    .build();

功能與 API 透過集合功能整理內容 你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

核心功能

新的 ProfilingManager 觸發條件

Profiling trigger for app anomalies

JobDebugInfo API

支援允許閒置時的鬧鐘，減少喚醒鎖定

隱私權

支援 Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) 的平台

Android 聯絡人選擇工具

安全性

Android 進階保護模式 (AAPM)

PQC APK 簽署

Impact on developers

連線能力

受限的衛星網路

使用者體驗和系統 UI

專屬的 Google 助理音量串流

Handoff

即時更新 - 語意色彩 API

著色

Android 17 適用的 UWB 下行鏈路 TDoA API

Kotlin

Java

Out-of-Band (OOB) Configurations

Java

Kotlin

Java

功能與 API