行为变更：以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用

与之前的版本一样，Android 15 包含一些可能会影响应用的行为变更。以下行为变更仅影响以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用。如果您的应用以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台，您应该修改自己的应用以适当地支持这些行为（如果适用）。

无论应用的 targetSdkVersion 为何，都请务必查看对 Android 15 上运行的所有应用都有影响的行为变更列表。

核心功能

Android 15 修改或扩展了 Android 系统的各种核心功能。

前台服务变更

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

• Data sync foreground service timeout behavior
• New media processing foreground service type
• Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services
• Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 introduces a new foreground service type, mediaProcessing. This service type is appropriate for operations like transcoding media files. For example, a media app might download an audio file and need to convert it to a different format before playing it. You can use a mediaProcessing foreground service to make sure the conversion continues even while the app is in the background.

The system permits an app's mediaProcessing services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid having the exception, you can do one of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's mediaProcessing services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start mediaProcessing foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a mediaProcessing foreground service, use an alternative API, like WorkManager.

If your app's mediaProcessing foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another mediaProcessing foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another mediaProcessing foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type mediaProcessing".

For more information about the mediaProcessing service type, see Changes to foreground service types for Android 15: Media processing.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable media processing timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

• dataSync
• camera
• mediaPlayback
• phoneCall
• mediaProjection
• microphone (this restriction has been in place for microphone since Android 14)

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Previously, if an app held the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, it could launch a foreground service even if the app was currently in the background (as discussed in exemptions from background start restrictions).

If an app targets Android 15, this exemption is now narrower. The app now needs to have the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and also have a visible overlay window. That is, the app needs to first launch a TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY window and the window needs to be visible before you start a foreground service.

If your app attempts to start a foreground service from the background without meeting these new requirements (and it does not have some other exemption), the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If your app declares the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and launches foreground services from the background, it may be affected by this change. If your app gets a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, check your app's order of operations and make sure your app already has an active overlay window before it attempts to start a foreground service from the background. You can check if your overlay window is currently visible by calling View.getWindowVisibility(), or you can override View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() to get notified whenever the visibility changes.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable these new restrictions on starting foreground services from the background, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

更改了应用可以修改“免打扰模式”全局状态的时间

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of those API calls.

Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.

OpenJDK API 变更

Android 15 将继续更新 Android 的核心库，以与最新 OpenJDK LTS 版本中的功能保持一致。

以下变更可能会影响以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台的应用的兼容性：

• 对字符串格式化 API 进行了更改：现在，当使用以下 String.format() 和 Formatter.format() API 时，对参数索引、标志、 宽度和精度的验证要求变得更加严格：

  • String.format(String, Object[])
  • String.format(Locale, String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(Locale, String, Object[])

  例如，当使用实参索引 0（格式字符串中的 %0）时，系统会抛出以下异常：

  IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0
  

  在这种情况下，可以使用实参索引 1（格式字符串中的 %1）来解决此问题。

• 对 Arrays.asList(...).toArray() 的组件类型进行了更改：使用 Arrays.asList(...).toArray()时，生成的数组的组件类型现在是 Object，而不是底层数组元素的类型。因此，以下代码会抛出 ClassCastException：

  String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();
  

  在这种情况下，如需在生成的 数组中保留 String 作为组件类型，您可以改用 Collection.toArray(Object[])：

  String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);
  

• 对语言代码处理进行了更改：使用 Locale API 时， 希伯来语、意第绪语和印度尼西亚语的语言代码不再转换为 其过时形式（希伯来语：iw，意第绪语：ji，印度尼西亚语：in）。 指定其中一种语言区域的语言代码时，请改用 ISO 639-1 中的代码 （希伯来语：he，意第绪语：yi，印度尼西亚语：id）。

• 对随机 int 序列进行了更改：根据 https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574 中所做的更改，以下 Random.ints() 方法现在返回的数字序列与 the Random.nextInt() 方法返回的数字序列不同：

  • Random.ints(long)
  • Random.ints(long, int, int)
  • Random.ints(int, int)
  • Random.ints()

  一般来说，此更改不应导致应用出现破坏性行为，但您的代码不应期望从 Random.ints() 方法生成的序列与 Random.nextInt() 匹配。

新的 SequencedCollection API 可能会影响应用的兼容性 在应用的 build 配置中 更新 以使用 Android 15（API 级别 35）后：compileSdk

• 与 MutableList.removeFirst() 和 MutableList.removeLast() 扩展函数在 kotlin-stdlib 中发生冲突

  Java 中的 List 类型映射到 Kotlin 中的 MutableList 类型。 由于 List.removeFirst() 和 List.removeLast() API 是在 Android 15（API 级别 35）中引入的，因此 Kotlin 编译器 会将函数调用（例如 list.removeFirst()）静态解析为 新的 List API，而不是 kotlin-stdlib 中的扩展函数。

  如果使用 compileSdk 设置为 35 且 minSdk 设置为 34 或更低版本重新编译应用，然后在 Android 14 及更低版本上运行该应用，则会抛出运行时错误：

  java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
  removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;
  

  Android Gradle 插件中现有的 NewApi lint 选项可以捕获这些新的 API 用法。

  ./gradlew lint
  
  MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
        list.removeFirst()
  

  如需修复运行时异常和 lint 错误，可以将 removeFirst() 和 removeLast() 函数调用分别替换为 Kotlin 中的 removeAt(0) 和 removeAt(list.lastIndex)。如果您使用的是 Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 或更高版本，它还为这些错误提供了快速修复选项。

  如果 lint 选项已停用，请考虑移除 @SuppressLint("NewApi") 和 lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' }。

• 与 Java 中的其他方法发生冲突

  新的方法已添加到现有类型中，例如， List 和 Deque。这些新方法可能与其他接口和类中具有相同名称和实参类型的方法不兼容。如果方法签名冲突且不兼容，javac 编译器会输出 build 时错误。例如：

  错误示例 1：

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
    public void removeLast() {
                ^
    return type void is not compatible with Object
    where E is a type-variable:
      E extends Object declared in interface List
  

  错误示例 2：

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
  public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
    both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
  1 error
  

  错误示例 3：

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
  public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
    class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
    where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
      E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
      E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
  1 error
  

  如需修复这些 build 错误，实现这些接口的类应使用兼容的返回值类型替换该方法。例如：

  @Override
  public Object getFirst() {
      return List.super.getFirst();
  }
  

安全

Android 15 包含多项旨在提升系统安全性的变更，有助于保护应用和用户免受恶意应用的侵害。

受限的 TLS 版本

Android 15 restricts the usage of TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1. These versions had previously been deprecated in Android, but are now disallowed for apps targeting Android 15.

限制后台 activity 启动

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Other changes

• Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
• Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
• Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
• Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
• Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

更安全的 intent

Android 15 introduces StrictMode for intents.

In order to see detailed logs about Intent usage violations, use following method:

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 包含一些旨在打造更一致、更直观的用户体验的变更。

窗口边衬区变化

There are two changes related to window insets in Android 15: edge-to-edge is enforced by default, and there are also configuration changes, such as the default configuration of system bars.

Edge-to-edge enforcement

如果应用以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台，则在搭载 Android 15 的设备上默认以无边框显示。

这是一项重大变更，可能会对应用的界面产生不利影响。这些变更会影响以下界面区域：

• 手势提示条导航栏
  • 默认透明。
  • 底部偏移已停用，因此除非应用了边衬区，否则内容会绘制在系统导航栏后面。
  • setNavigationBarColor 和 R.attr#navigationBarColor 已弃用，不会影响手势导航。
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced 和 R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced 仍不会影响手势导航。
• 三按钮导航
  • 默认情况下，不透明度设置为 80%，颜色可能与窗口背景颜色一致。
  • 底部偏移已停用，因此除非应用了边衬区，否则内容会绘制在系统导航栏后面。
  • setNavigationBarColor 和 R.attr#navigationBarColor 默认设置为与窗口背景颜色一致。窗口背景必须是颜色可绘制对象，才能应用此默认设置。此 API 已弃用，但仍会影响三按钮导航。
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced 和 R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced 默认值为 true，这会在三按钮导航中添加 80% 不透明的背景。
• 状态栏
  • 默认透明。
  • 顶部偏移已停用，因此除非应用了边衬区，否则内容会绘制在状态栏后面。
  • setStatusBarColor 和 R.attr#statusBarColor 已弃用，不会影响 Android 15。
  • setStatusBarContrastEnforced 和 R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced 已弃用，但仍会影响 Android 15。
• 刘海屏
  • 非浮动窗口的 layoutInDisplayCutoutMode 必须为 LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS。SHORT_EDGES、NEVER 和 DEFAULT 会被解读为 ALWAYS，这样用户就不会看到因显示屏刘海屏而产生的黑条，并且会以无边框显示。

以下示例展示了应用在以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台之前和之后，以及在应用边衬区之前和之后的效果。此示例并不全面，在 Android Auto 上可能会显示不同的效果。

如果您的应用已以无边框显示，需要检查哪些内容

如果您的应用已以 无边框 显示并应用了边衬区，则大部分情况下 不会受到影响，但在以下情形中除外。不过，即使您认为自己不会受到影响，我们也建议您测试应用。

• 您有一个非浮动窗口，例如使用 SHORT_EDGES、NEVER 或 DEFAULT 而不是 LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS 的 Activity。如果您的应用在启动时崩溃，可能是因为启动画面所致。您可以将 核心 启动画面 依赖项升级到 1.2.0-alpha01 或更高版本，也可以设置 window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always。
• 可能存在流量较低的屏幕，其界面被遮盖。验证这些访问量较少的屏幕是否没有被遮盖的界面。流量较低的屏幕包括：
  • 新手入门或登录屏幕
  • “设置”页面

如果您的应用尚未以无边框显示，需要检查哪些内容

如果您的应用尚未以无边框显示，则很可能会受到影响。除了已以无边框显示的应用的情形之外，您还应考虑以下情况：

• 如果您的应用在 Compose 中使用了 Material 3 组件 ( androidx.compose.material3)，例如 TopAppBar、 BottomAppBar 和 NavigationBar，这些组件可能不会 受到影响，因为它们会自动处理边衬区。
• 如果应用使用的是 Compose 中的 Material 2 组件 ( androidx.compose.material)，这些组件 本身并不会自动处理边衬区。不过，您可以获得边衬区的访问权限，然后手动应用边衬区。在 androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 及更高版本中，使用 windowInsets 参数可为 BottomAppBar、TopAppBar、 BottomNavigation 和 NavigationRail 手动应用边衬区。 同样，对于 Scaffold，请使用 contentWindowInsets 参数。
• 如果应用使用了视图和 Material 组件 (com.google.android.material)，则大多数基于视图的 Material 组件（例如 BottomNavigationView、BottomAppBar、 NavigationRailView 或 NavigationView）都会处理边衬区，因此不需要执行额外的操作。不过，您需要添加 android:fitsSystemWindows="true" ，如果使用 AppBarLayout。
• 对于自定义可组合项，请手动应用边衬区作为内边距。如果您的 内容位于 Scaffold 中，则可以使用 Scaffold 内边距值来使用边衬区。否则，请使用其中一个 WindowInsets应用内边距。
• 如果应用使用的是视图和 BottomSheet、SideSheet 或自定义 容器，请使用 ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener应用内边距。对于 RecyclerView，请使用此监听器应用内边距，同时添加 clipToPadding="false"。

如果您的应用必须提供自定义背景保护，需要检查哪些内容

如果您的应用必须为“三按钮”导航或 状态栏提供自定义背景保护，则应用应使用 WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() 将可组合函数或视图放置在系统栏后面 ，以获取“三按钮” 导航栏高度或 WindowInsets.Type#statusBars。

其他无边框资源

如需了解有关应用边衬区的其他注意事项，请参阅无边框视图和无边框 Compose 指南。

已弃用的 API

以下 API 已弃用，但未停用：

• R.attr#enforceStatusBarContrast
• R.attr#navigationBarColor （适用于三按钮导航，alpha 为 80%）
• Window#isStatusBarContrastEnforced
• Window#setNavigationBarColor （适用于三按钮导航，alpha 为 80%）
• Window#setStatusBarContrastEnforced

以下 API 已弃用并已停用：

• R.attr#navigationBarColor （适用于手势导航）
• R.attr#navigationBarDividerColor
• R.attr#statusBarColor
• Window#setDecorFitsSystemWindows
• Window#getNavigationBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#getStatusBarColor
• Window#setNavigationBarColor （适用于手势导航）
• Window#setNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#setStatusBarColor

Stable configuration

If your app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher, Configuration no longer excludes the system bars. If you use the screen size in the Configuration class for layout calculation, you should replace it with better alternatives like an appropriate ViewGroup, WindowInsets, or WindowMetricsCalculator depending on your need.

Configuration has been available since API 1. It is typically obtained from Activity.onConfigurationChanged. It provides information like window density, orientation, and sizes. One important characteristic about the window sizes returned from Configuration is that it previously excluded the system bars.

The configuration size is typically used for resource selection, such as /res/layout-h500dp, and this is still a valid use case. However, using it for layout calculation has always been discouraged. If you do so, you should move away from it now. You should replace the use of Configuration with something more suitable depending on your use case.

If you use it to calculate the layout, use an appropriate ViewGroup, such as CoordinatorLayout or ConstraintLayout. If you use it to determine the height of the system navbar, use WindowInsets. If you want to know the current size of your app window, use computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

The following list describes the fields affected by this change:

• Configuration.screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp sizes no longer exclude the system bars.
• Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp.
• Configuration.orientation is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp on close-to-square devices.
• Display.getSize(Point) is indirectly affected by the changes in Configuration. This was deprecated beginning in API level 30.
• Display.getMetrics() has already worked like this since API level 33.

elegantTextHeight 属性默认值为 true

对于以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台的应用，elegantTextHeight TextView 属性默认会变为 true，将默认使用的紧凑字体替换为一些具有较大垂直测量的脚本，使其更易于阅读。紧凑字体旨在防止布局中断；Android 13（API 级别 33）允许文本布局利用 fallbackLineSpacing 属性拉伸垂直高度，从而防止许多此类中断。

在 Android 15 中，系统中仍保留了紧凑字体，因此您的应用可以将 elegantTextHeight 设置为 false 以获得与之前相同的行为，但即将发布的版本不太可能支持此字体。因此，如果您的应用支持以下脚本：阿拉伯语、老挝语、缅甸语、泰米尔语、古吉拉特语、卡纳达语、马拉雅拉姆语、奥里亚语、泰卢固语或泰语，请将 elegantTextHeight 设置为 true 以测试您的应用。

TextView 宽度因复杂的字母形状而发生变化

In previous versions of Android, some cursive fonts or languages that have complex shaping might draw the letters in the previous or next character's area. In some cases, such letters were clipped at the beginning or ending position. Starting in Android 15, a TextView allocates width for drawing enough space for such letters and allows apps to request extra paddings to the left to prevent clipping.

Because this change affects how a TextView decides the width, TextView allocates more width by default if the app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. You can enable or disable this behavior by calling the setUseBoundsForWidth API on TextView.

Because adding left padding might cause a misalignment for existing layouts, the padding is not added by default even for apps that target Android 15 or higher. However, you can add extra padding to preventing clipping by calling setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang.

The following examples show how these changes can improve text layout for some fonts and languages.

Standard layout for English text in a cursive font. Some of the letters are clipped. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />

Layout for the same English text with additional width and padding. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Standard layout for Thai text. Some of the letters are clipped. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />

Layout for the same Thai text with additional width and padding. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

EditText 的语言区域感知默认行高

In previous versions of Android, the text layout stretched the height of the text to meet the line height of the font that matched the current locale. For example, if the content was in Japanese, because the line height of the Japanese font is slightly larger than the one of a Latin font, the height of the text became slightly larger. However, despite these differences in line heights, the EditText element was sized uniformly, regardless of the locale being used, as illustrated in the following image:

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), a minimum line height is now reserved for EditText to match the reference font for the specified Locale, as shown in the following image:

If needed, your app can restore the previous behavior by specifying the useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum attribute to false, and your app can set custom minimum vertical metrics using the setMinimumFontMetrics API in Kotlin and Java.

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 对以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用的相机和媒体行为做出了以下更改。

有关请求音频焦点的限制

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) must be the top app or running a foreground service in order to request audio focus. If an app attempts to request focus when it does not meet one of these requirements, the call returns AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

You can learn more about audio focus at Manage audio focus.

更新后的非 SDK 限制

Android 15 包含更新后的受限非 SDK 接口列表（基于与 Android 开发者之间的协作以及最新的内部测试）。在限制使用非 SDK 接口之前，我们会尽可能确保有可用的公开替代方案。

如果您的应用并非以 Android 15 为目标平台，其中一些变更可能不会立即对您产生影响。不过，虽然您的应用可以访问某些非 SDK 接口（具体取决于应用的目标 API 级别），但只要您使用任何非 SDK 方法或字段，就很有可能会造成应用功能异常。

如果您不确定自己的应用是否使用了非 SDK 接口，则可以通过 测试该应用来进行确认。如果您的应用依赖非 SDK 接口，则应开始计划迁移到 SDK 替代方案。不过，我们知道某些应用存在使用非 SDK 接口的合理场景。如果您无法为应用中的某项功能找到使用非 SDK 接口的替代方案，则应该请求新的公共 API。

To learn more about the changes in this release of Android, see Updates to non-SDK interface restrictions in Android 15. To learn more about non-SDK interfaces generally, see Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces.