Jenis layanan latar depan

Mulai Android 14 (level API 34), Anda harus mendeklarasikan jenis layanan yang sesuai untuk setiap layanan latar depan. Artinya, Anda harus mendeklarasikan jenis layanan dalam manifes aplikasi, dan juga meminta izin layanan latar depan yang sesuai untuk jenis tersebut (selain meminta izin FOREGROUND_SERVICE). Selain itu, bergantung pada jenis layanan latar depan, Anda mungkin harus meminta izin runtime sebelum meluncurkan layanan.

Kamera

Jenis layanan latar depan yang akan dideklarasikan dalam manifes di bagian android:foregroundServiceType
camera
Izin untuk dideklarasikan dalam manifes Anda
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
Konstanta untuk diteruskan ke startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
Prasyarat runtime

Meminta dan diberikan izin runtime CAMERA

Deskripsi

Terus mengakses kamera dari latar belakang, seperti aplikasi video chat yang memungkinkan multitasking.

Perangkat yang terhubung

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

Sinkronisasi data

Jenis layanan latar depan yang akan dideklarasikan dalam manifes di bagian
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
Izin untuk dideklarasikan dalam manifes Anda
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
Konstanta untuk diteruskan ke startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
Prasyarat runtime
Tidak ada
Deskripsi

Operasi transfer data, seperti berikut:

  • Upload atau download data
  • Operasi pencadangan dan pemulihan
  • Operasi impor atau ekspor
  • Mengambil data
  • Pemrosesan file lokal
  • Mentransfer data antara perangkat dan cloud melalui jaringan
Alternatif

Lihat Alternatif untuk layanan latar depan sinkronisasi data untuk mengetahui informasi mendetail.

Kesehatan

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
health
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

Lokasi

Jenis layanan latar depan yang akan dideklarasikan dalam manifes
android:foregroundServiceType
location
Izin untuk dideklarasikan dalam manifes
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
Konstanta yang akan diteruskan ke startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
Prasyarat runtime

Pengguna harus telah mengaktifkan layanan lokasi dan aplikasi harus diberi setidaknya salah satu izin runtime berikut:

Deskripsi

Kasus penggunaan jangka panjang yang memerlukan akses lokasi, seperti navigasi dan berbagi lokasi.

Alternatif

Jika aplikasi Anda perlu dipicu saat pengguna mencapai lokasi tertentu, pertimbangkan untuk menggunakan geofence API.

Media

Jenis layanan latar depan yang akan dideklarasikan dalam manifes di bagian
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
Izin untuk dideklarasikan dalam manifes Anda
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Konstanta untuk diteruskan ke startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Prasyarat runtime
Tidak ada
Deskripsi

Melanjutkan pemutaran audio atau video dari latar belakang. Mendukung fungsi Perekaman Video Digital (DVR) di Android TV.

Alternatif

Jika Anda menampilkan video picture-in-picture, gunakan mode Picture-in-Picture.

Media sedang diproses

Jenis layanan latar depan yang akan dideklarasikan dalam manifes di bagian
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
Izin untuk dideklarasikan dalam manifes
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Konstanta yang akan diteruskan ke startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Prasyarat runtime
Tidak ada
Deskripsi

Layanan untuk melakukan operasi yang memakan waktu pada aset media, seperti mengonversi media ke format yang berbeda. Sistem mengizinkan layanan ini berjalan dalam waktu terbatas; dalam keadaan normal, batas waktu ini adalah 6 jam dari setiap 24 jam. (Batas ini digunakan bersama oleh semua layanan latar depan mediaProcessing aplikasi.)

Aplikasi Anda harus menghentikan layanan pemrosesan media secara manual dalam skenario berikut:

Jika periode waktu tunggu tercapai, sistem akan memanggil metode Service.onTimeout(int, int) layanan. Pada saat ini, layanan memiliki waktu beberapa detik untuk memanggil Service.stopSelf(). Jika layanan tidak memanggil Service.stopSelf(), ANR akan terjadi dengan pesan error ini: "Layanan latar depan <fgs_type> tidak berhenti dalam waktu tunggunya: <component_name>".

Catatan: Service.onTimeout(int, int) tidak tersedia di Android 14 atau yang lebih rendah. Pada perangkat yang menjalankan versi tersebut, jika layanan pemrosesan media mencapai periode waktu tunggu, sistem akan langsung meng-cache aplikasi. Oleh karena itu, aplikasi Anda tidak boleh menunggu untuk mendapatkan notifikasi waktu tunggu. Sebagai gantinya, aplikasi harus menghentikan layanan latar depan atau mengubahnya menjadi layanan latar belakang segera setelah sesuai.

Proyeksi media

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Runtime prerequisites

Call the createScreenCaptureIntent() method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.

After you have created the foreground service, you can call MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().

Description

Project content to non-primary display or external device using the MediaProjection APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.

Alternatives

To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.

Mikrofon

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

Panggilan telepon

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of these conditions must be true:

  • App is the default dialer app through the ROLE_DIALER role.
Description

Continue an ongoing call using the ConnectionService APIs.

Alternatives

If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the android.telecom library.

Consider using CallScreeningService to screen calls.

Pengiriman pesan jarak jauh

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description
Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

Layanan singkat

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

Penggunaan khusus

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

Sistem dikecualikan

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

Penegakan kebijakan Google Play untuk menggunakan jenis layanan latar depan

Jika aplikasi menargetkan Android 14 atau yang lebih baru, Anda harus menyatakan jenis layanan latar depan aplikasi di halaman konten aplikasi Konsol Play (Kebijakan > Konten aplikasi). Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang cara mendeklarasikan jenis layanan latar depan di Konsol Play, lihat Memahami persyaratan layanan latar depan dan intent layar penuh.