Types de services de premier plan

À partir d'Android 14 (niveau d'API 34), vous devez déclarer un type de service approprié pour chaque service de premier plan. Cela signifie que vous devez déclarer le type de service dans le fichier manifeste d'application de votre application et demander l'autorisation de service de premier plan appropriée pour ce type (en plus de demander l'autorisation FOREGROUND_SERVICE ). De plus, selon le type de service de premier plan, vous devrez peut-être demander des autorisations d'exécution avant de lancer le service.

Appareil photo

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under android:foregroundServiceType

camera

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA

Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the CAMERA runtime permission

Description

Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.

Appareil connecté

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

connectedDevice

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE

Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

• Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:

  • CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
  • CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
  • CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
  • NFC
  • TRANSMIT_IR

• Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

  • BLUETOOTH_CONNECT
  • BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE
  • BLUETOOTH_SCAN
  • UWB_RANGING

• Call UsbManager.requestPermission()

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

Synchroniser les données

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

dataSync

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Data transfer operations, such as the following:

• Data upload or download
• Backup-and-restore operations
• Import or export operations
• Fetch data
• Local file processing
• Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network

Alternatives

See Alternatives to data sync foreground services for detailed information.

Santé

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

health

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH

Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

• Declare the HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS permission in your manifest.

• Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

  • BODY_SENSORS on API 35 and lower
  • READ_HEART_RATE
  • READ_SKIN_TEMPERATURE
  • READ_OXYGEN_SATURATION
  • ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

Localisation

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

location

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION

Runtime prerequisites

The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

• ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
• ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

Description

Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.

Alternatives

If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.

Contenus multimédias

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

mediaPlayback

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.

Alternatives

If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.

Traitement multimédia

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

mediaProcessing

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's mediaProcessing foreground services.)

Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:

• When the transcoding operation finishes or reaches a failure state, have the service call Service.stopForeground() and Service.stopSelf() to stop the service completely.

If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".

Note: Service.onTimeout(int, int) is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.

Projection multimédia

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

mediaProjection

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION

Runtime prerequisites

Call the createScreenCaptureIntent() method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.

After you have created the foreground service, you can call MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().

Description

Project content to non-primary display or external device using the MediaProjection APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.

Alternatives

To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.

Micro

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

microphone

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE

Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

Appel téléphonique

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

phoneCall

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL

Runtime prerequisites

At least one of these conditions must be true:

• App has declared the MANAGE_OWN_CALLS permission in its manifest file.

• App is the default dialer app through the ROLE_DIALER role.

Description

Continue an ongoing call using the ConnectionService APIs.

Alternatives

If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the android.telecom library.

Consider using CallScreeningService to screen calls.

Messagerie à distance

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

remoteMessaging

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

Service court

Type de service de premier plan à déclarer dans le fichier manifeste sous

android:foregroundServiceType

shortService

Autorisation à déclarer dans votre fichier manifeste

Aucune

Constante à transmettre à startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE

Conditions préalables d'exécution

Aucune

Description

Finalisez rapidement les tâches essentielles qui ne peuvent pas être interrompues ni reportées.

Ce type présente des caractéristiques uniques :

• Il ne peut être exécuté que sur une courte période (environ trois minutes).
• Il est incompatible avec les services de premier plan persistants.
• Il ne peut démarrer d'autres services de premier plan.
• Il ne nécessite pas d'autorisation spécifique à un type, bien que l'autorisation FOREGROUND_SERVICE reste nécessaire.
• Un shortService ne peut passer à un autre type de service que si l'application est actuellement éligible au démarrage d'un nouveau service de premier plan.
• Un service de premier plan peut modifier son type en shortService à tout moment, à partir de quoi le délai avant expiration commence.

Le délai d'inactivité pour shortService commence à partir du moment où Service.startForeground() est appelé. L'application doit appeler Service.stopSelf() ou Service.stopForeground() avant l'expiration du délai. Sinon, le nouveau Service.onTimeout() est appelé, ce qui permet aux applications d'appeler brièvement stopSelf() ou stopForeground() pour arrêter leur service.

Peu après l'appel de Service.onTimeout(), l'application passe dans un état mis en cache et n'est plus considérée comme étant de premier plan, sauf si l'utilisateur interagit activement avec elle. Peu de temps après la mise en cache de l'application et l'arrêt du service, celle-ci reçoit une erreur ANR. Le message ANR mentionne FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. Pour ces raisons, il est recommandé d'implémenter le rappel Service.onTimeout().

Le rappel Service.onTimeout() n'existe pas sur Android 13 ou version antérieure. Si le même service s'exécute sur ces appareils, il ne reçoit pas de délai d'inactivité ni d'erreur ANR. Assurez-vous que votre service s'arrête dès la fin de la tâche de traitement, même s'il n'a pas encore reçu le rappel Service.onTimeout().

Notez que si le délai d'expiration de shortService n'est pas respecté, l'application sera ANR, même si d'autres services de premier plan valides ou d'autres processus de cycle de vie de l'application sont en cours d'exécution.

Si une application est visible par l'utilisateur ou qu'elle satisfait l'une des exceptions permettant de démarrer les services de premier plan en arrière-plan, appeler à nouveau Service.StartForeground() avec le paramètre FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE prolonge le délai avant expiration de trois minutes. Si l'application n'est pas visible par l'utilisateur et qu'elle ne satisfait pas l'une des exceptions, toute tentative de démarrage d'un autre service de premier plan, quel que soit son type, entraîne une ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException

Si un utilisateur désactive l'optimisation de la batterie pour votre application, cette dernière sera toujours affectée par le délai d'inactivité du shortService du service de premier plan.

Si vous démarrez un service de premier plan qui inclut le type shortService et un autre type de service de premier plan, le système ignore la déclaration du type shortService. Toutefois, le service doit toujours respecter les conditions préalables des autres types déclarés. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation sur les services de premier plan.

Utilisation spéciale

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

specialUse

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

Système exempté

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under

android:foregroundServiceType

systemExempted

Permission to declare in your manifest

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED

Constant to pass to startForeground()

FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED

Runtime prerequisites

None

Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

• Device is in demo mode state
• App is a Device Owner
• App is a Profiler Owner
• Safety Apps that have the ROLE_EMERGENCY role
• Device Admin apps
• Apps holding SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM or USE_EXACT_ALARM permission

• VPN apps (configured using Settings > Network & Internet > VPN)

  Otherwise, declaring this type causes the system to throw a ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException.

Application des règles Google Play pour l'utilisation des types de services de premier plan

Si votre application cible Android 14 ou une version ultérieure, vous devez déclarer les types de services de premier plan de votre application sur la page "Contenu de l'application" de la Play Console (Règles > Contenu de l'application). Pour en savoir plus sur la déclaration de vos types de services de premier plan dans la Play Console, consultez Comprendre les exigences liées aux services de premier plan et à l'intent plein écran.