Funktionen und APIs – Übersicht

Android 14 bietet tolle Funktionen und APIs für Entwickler. In der Hilfe erfahren Sie mehr über Funktionen für Ihre Apps und beginnen mit den zugehörigen APIs.

Eine detaillierte Liste der hinzugefügten, geänderten und entfernten APIs finden Sie im API-Diff-Bericht. Weitere Informationen zu den hinzugefügten APIs finden Sie in der Android API-Referenz. Suchen Sie bei Android 14 nach APIs, die in API-Level 34 hinzugefügt wurden. Weitere Informationen zu Gebieten wo sich Plattformänderungen auf deine Apps auswirken könnten, schau dir Android 14 an Änderungen im Verhalten für Apps, die auf Android 14 ausgerichtet sind, und für alle Apps.

Lokalisierung

App-spezifische Spracheinstellungen

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

Grammatical Inflection API

3 billion people speak gendered languages: languages where grammatical categories—such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions—inflect according to the gender of people and objects you talk to or about. Traditionally, many gendered languages use masculine grammatical gender as the default or generic gender.

Addressing users in the wrong grammatical gender, such as addressing women in masculine grammatical gender, can negatively impact their performance and attitude. In contrast, a UI with language that correctly reflects the user's grammatical gender can improve user engagement and provide a more personalized and natural-sounding user experience.

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

Regionale Präferenzen

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Bedienungshilfen

Nicht lineare Schriftskalierung auf 200%

Ab Android 14 unterstützt das System eine Schriftgrößenänderung von bis zu 200 %. So erhalten sehbehinderte Nutzer zusätzliche Optionen für Barrierefreiheit, die den Richtlinien für barrierefreie Webinhalte (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, WCAG) entsprechen.

Damit große Textelemente auf dem Bildschirm nicht zu groß skaliert werden, verwendet das System eine nichtlineare Skalierungskurve. Durch diese Skalierungsstrategie werden große Textgrößen nicht in gleicher Geschwindigkeit skaliert wie kleinerer Text. Mit einer nicht linearen Schriftskalierung die proportionale Hierarchie zwischen Elementen unterschiedlicher Größe beibehalten, zur Minimierung von Problemen mit linearer Textskalierung in hohem Maße (z. B. abgeschnittener Text oder Text, der aufgrund des extrem großen Displays schwerer lesbar ist Größen).

App mit nicht linearer Schriftskalierung testen

Maximale Schriftgröße in den Geräteeinstellungen für Bedienungshilfen aktivieren um Ihre App zu testen.

Wenn Sie bereits skalierbare Pixel (sp) zum Definieren der Textgröße verwenden, werden diese zusätzlichen Optionen und Skalierungsverbesserungen automatisch auf den Text in Ihrer App angewendet. Sie sollten jedoch weiterhin UI-Tests mit aktivierter maximaler Schriftgröße (200 %) durchführen, um sicherzustellen, dass die Schriftgrößen in Ihrer App korrekt angewendet werden und größere Schriftgrößen ohne Beeinträchtigung der Nutzerfreundlichkeit möglich sind.

So aktivieren Sie die Schriftgröße von 200 %:

  1. Öffnen Sie die Einstellungen und navigieren Sie zu Bedienungshilfen > Anzeigegröße und Text.
  2. Tippen Sie für die Option Schriftgröße auf das Pluszeichen (+), bis die maximale Schriftart Größeneinstellung aktiviert ist, wie in der zugehörigen Abbildung gezeigt. .

Skalierte Pixeleinheiten (sp) für Textgrößen verwenden

Geben Sie Textgrößen immer in sp-Einheiten an. Wann? Ihre App sp-Einheiten verwendet, kann Android die bevorzugte Textgröße des Nutzers und und skalieren Sie es entsprechend.

Verwenden Sie keine sp-Einheiten für das Padding und definieren Sie keine Ansichtshöhen bei implizitem Padding: mit nicht linearer Schriftskalierung sind die Abmessungen sp möglicherweise nicht proportional. Daher ist 4sp + 20 sp ist möglicherweise nicht gleich 24 sp.

Skalierte Pixeleinheiten (sp) umrechnen

Verwenden Sie TypedValue.applyDimension(), um von sp-Einheiten in Pixel umzuwandeln, und TypedValue.deriveDimension(), um Pixel in sp umzuwandeln. Bei diesen Methoden wird die entsprechende nichtlineare Skalierungskurve automatisch angewendet.

Vermeiden Sie das Hartkodieren von Gleichungen mit Configuration.fontScale oder DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity Da die Schrift skaliert wird, ist das Feld scaledDensity nicht mehr korrekt. Das Feld fontScale sollte nur zu Informationszwecken verwendet werden, da Schriftarten nicht mehr mit einem einzelnen Skalarwert skaliert werden.

Verwenden Sie sp-Einheiten für „lineHeight“.

Definieren Sie android:lineHeight immer in sp-Einheiten anstelle von dp, damit die Zeilenhöhe mit dem Text skaliert. Andernfalls, wenn Ihr Text in sp, Ihre lineHeight aber in dp oder px ist, wird er nicht skaliert und wirkt überladen. TextView korrigiert lineHeight automatisch so, dass die beabsichtigte Proportionen werden beibehalten, aber nur, wenn sowohl textSize als auch lineHeight in sp-Einheiten definiert.

Kamera und Medien

Ultra HDR für Bilder

An illustration of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) versus High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality.

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

Zoom, Fokus, PostView und mehr in Kameraerweiterungen

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

Sensor-Zoom

Wenn REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW enthält, kann Ihre App mithilfe erweiterter Sensorfunktionen einem zugeschnittenen RAW-Stream dieselben Pixel wie das vollständige Sichtfeld zuweisen. Verwenden Sie dazu einen CaptureRequest mit einem RAW-Ziel, für das der Stream-Nutzungsfall auf CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW festgelegt ist. Durch die Implementierung der Steuerelemente für die Überschreibung von Anfragen können Nutzer mit der aktualisierten Kamera den Zoom bereits steuern, bevor andere Kamerasteuerelemente verfügbar sind.

Verlustfreies USB-Audio

Android 14 gains support for lossless audio formats for audiophile-level experiences over USB wired headsets. You can query a USB device for its preferred mixer attributes, register a listener for changes in preferred mixer attributes, and configure mixer attributes using the AudioMixerAttributes class. This class represents the format, such as channel mask, sample rate, and behavior of the audio mixer. The class allows for audio to be sent directly, without mixing, volume adjustment, or processing effects.

Produktivität und Tools für Entwickler

Anmeldedaten-Manager

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Health Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

Updates zu OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Verbesserungen für App-Shops

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

App-Metadaten-Bundles

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Erkennen, wenn Nutzer Screenshots von Geräten machen

Um die Erkennung von Screenshots zu standardisieren, Android 14 führt eine datenschutzfreundliche Screenshot-Erkennung ein API hinzu. Mit dieser API können Apps Rückrufe pro Aktivität registrieren. Diese Callbacks ausgelöst und der Nutzer wird benachrichtigt, während diese Aktivität sichtbar ist.

Nutzererfahrung

Benutzerdefinierte Aktionen für die Freigabeseite und verbessertes Ranking

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

Unterstützung für integrierte und benutzerdefinierte Animationen für die intelligente „Zurück“-Touch-Geste

Video: Predictive back animations

Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.

Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:

With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.

App-spezifische Überschreibungen von Geräteherstellern mit großem Display

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Nutzer mit großem Bildschirm – App-spezifische Überschreibungen

Mit App-spezifischen Überschreibungen können Sie das Verhalten von Apps auf Geräten mit großen Bildschirmen ändern. Beispielsweise wird durch die Override-Anweisung des Geräteherstellers OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE das Seitenverhältnis der App unabhängig von der Konfiguration der App auf 16:9 festgelegt.

Mit Android 14 QPR1 können Nutzer auf Geräten mit großem Bildschirm über ein neues Einstellungsmenü App-spezifische Überschreibungen anwenden.

App-Bildschirmfreigabe

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

LLM-basierte intelligente Antwort in Gboard auf dem Pixel 8 Pro

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

Grafik

Pfade können abgefragt und interpoliert werden

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Benutzerdefinierte Shader mit Vertex- und Fragment-Shadern

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Hardware-Zwischenspeicher-Renderer für Canvas

To assist in using Android's Canvas API to draw with hardware acceleration into a HardwareBuffer, Android 14 introduces HardwareBufferRenderer. This API is particularly useful when your use case involves communication with the system compositor through SurfaceControl for low-latency drawing.