Функции и API

Оптимизируйте свои подборки Сохраняйте и классифицируйте контент в соответствии со своими настройками.

В Android 16 представлены замечательные новые функции и API для разработчиков. В следующих разделах обобщаются эти функции, чтобы помочь вам начать работу с соответствующими API.

Вам также следует просмотреть области, в которых изменения платформы могут повлиять на ваши приложения. Для получения дополнительной информации см. следующие страницы:

• Изменения в поведении, влияющие на приложения, ориентированные на Android 16.
• Изменения поведения, которые влияют на все приложения независимо от targetSdkVersion .

Основная функциональность

Android включает новые API, которые расширяют основные возможности системы Android.

Два выпуска Android API в 2025 году

• This preview is for the next major release of Android with a planned launch in Q2 of 2025. This release is similar to all of our API releases in the past, where we can have planned behavior changes that are often tied to a targetSdkVersion.
• We're planning the major release a quarter earlier (Q2 rather than Q3 in prior years) to better align with the schedule of device launches across our ecosystem, so more devices can get the major release of Android sooner. With the major release coming in Q2, you'll need to do your annual compatibility testing a few months earlier than in previous years to make sure your apps are ready.
• We plan to have another release in Q4 of 2025 which also will include new developer APIs. The Q2 major release will be the only release in 2025 to include planned behavior changes that could affect apps.

In addition to new developer APIs, the Q4 minor release will pick up feature updates, optimizations, and bug fixes; it will not include any app-impacting behavior changes.

We'll continue to have quarterly Android releases. The Q1 and Q3 updates in-between the API releases will provide incremental updates to help ensure continuous quality. We're actively working with our device partners to bring the Q2 release to as many devices as possible.

Using new APIs with major and minor releases

Guarding a code block with a check for API level is done today using the SDK_INT constant with VERSION_CODES. This will continue to be supported for major Android releases.

if (SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA) {
  // Use APIs introduced in Android 16
}

The new SDK_INT_FULL constant can be used for API checks against both major and minor versions with the new VERSION_CODES_FULL enumeration.

if (SDK_INT_FULL >= VERSION_CODES_FULL.[MAJOR or MINOR RELEASE]) {
  // Use APIs introduced in a major or minor release
}

You can also use the Build.getMinorSdkVersion() method to get just the minor SDK version.

val minorSdkVersion = Build.getMinorSdkVersion(VERSION_CODES_FULL.BAKLAVA)

These APIs have not yet been finalized and are subject to change, so please send us feedback if you have any concerns.

Пользовательский опыт и системный интерфейс

Android 16 предоставляет разработчикам приложений и пользователям больше контроля и гибкости в настройке устройства в соответствии со своими потребностями.

Уведомления, ориентированные на прогресс

В Android 16 представлены уведомления, ориентированные на прогресс, которые помогают пользователям беспрепятственно отслеживать инициированные пользователем поездки от начала до конца.

Notification.ProgressStyle — это новый стиль уведомлений, который позволяет создавать уведомления, ориентированные на прогресс. Ключевые варианты использования включают совместную поездку, доставку и навигацию. В классе Notification.ProgressStyle вы можете обозначать состояния и этапы пути пользователя с помощью точек и сегментов .

To learn more, see the Progress-centric notifications documentation page.

Уведомление о ходе выполнения отображается на экране блокировки.

Уведомление, ориентированное на прогресс, отображается в тени уведомлений.

Прогнозируемые обратные обновления

Android 16 adds new APIs to help you enable predictive back system animations in gesture navigation such as the back-to-home animation. Registering the onBackInvokedCallback with the new PRIORITY_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION_OBSERVER allows your app to receive the regular onBackInvoked call whenever the system handles a back navigation without impacting the normal back navigation flow.

Android 16 additionally adds the finishAndRemoveTaskCallback() and moveTaskToBackCallback. By registering these callbacks with the OnBackInvokedDispatcher, the system can trigger specific behaviors and play corresponding ahead-of-time animations when the back gesture is invoked.

Более богатые тактильные ощущения

Android has exposed control over the haptic actuator ever since its inception.

Android 11 added support for more complex haptic effects that more advanced actuators could support through VibrationEffect.Compositions of device-defined semantic primitives.

Android 16 adds haptic APIs that let apps define the amplitude and frequency curves of a haptic effect while abstracting away differences between device capabilities.

Производительность и инструменты разработчика

Хотя большая часть нашей работы по повышению вашей производительности сосредоточена вокруг таких инструментов, как Android Studio , Jetpack Compose и библиотеки Android Jetpack , мы всегда ищем способы в платформе, которые помогут вам реализовать ваше видение.

Обработка контента для живых обоев

In Android 16, the live wallpaper framework is gaining a new content API to address the challenges of dynamic, user-driven wallpapers. Currently, live wallpapers incorporating user-provided content require complex, service-specific implementations. Android 16 introduces WallpaperDescription and WallpaperInstance. WallpaperDescription lets you identify distinct instances of a live wallpaper from the same service. For example, a wallpaper that has instances on both the home screen and on the lock screen may have unique content in both places. The wallpaper picker and WallpaperManager use this metadata to better present wallpapers to users, streamlining the process for you to create diverse and personalized live wallpaper experiences.

Производительность и батарея

В Android 16 представлены API, которые помогают собирать информацию о ваших приложениях.

Системное профилирование

ProfilingManager was added in Android 15, giving apps the ability to request profiling data collection using Perfetto on public devices in the field. However, since this profiling must be started from the app, critical flows such as startups or ANRs would be difficult or impossible for apps to capture.

To help with this, Android 16 introduces system-triggered profiling to ProfilingManager. Apps can register interest in receiving traces for certain triggers such as cold start reportFullyDrawn or ANRs, and then the system starts and stops a trace on the app's behalf. After the trace completes, the results are delivered to the app's data directory.

Запустить компонент в ApplicationStartInfo

ApplicationStartInfo was added in Android 15, allowing an app to see reasons for process start, start type, start times, throttling, and other useful diagnostic data. Android 16 adds getStartComponent() to distinguish what component type triggered the start, which can be helpful for optimizing the startup flow of your app.

Лучший самоанализ работы

The JobScheduler#getPendingJobReason() API returns a reason why a job might be pending. However, a job might be pending for multiple reasons.

In Android 16, we are introducing a new API JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasons(int jobId), which returns multiple reasons why a job is pending, due to both explicit constraints set by the developer and implicit constraints set by the system.

We're also introducing JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasonsHistory(int jobId), which returns a list of the most recent constraint changes.

We recommend using the API to help you debug why your jobs may not be executing, especially if you're seeing reduced success rates of certain tasks or have bugs around latency of certain job completion. For example, updating widgets in the background failed to occur or prefetch job failed to be called prior to app start.

This can also better help you understand if certain jobs are not completing due to system defined constraints versus explicitly set constraints.

Адаптивная частота обновления

Adaptive refresh rate (ARR), introduced in Android 15, enables the display refresh rate on supported hardware to adapt to the content frame rate using discrete VSync steps. This reduces power consumption while eliminating the need for potentially jank-inducing mode-switching.

Android 16 introduces hasArrSupport() and getSuggestedFrameRate(int) while restoring getSupportedRefreshRates() to make it easier for your apps to take advantage of ARR. RecyclerView 1.4 internally supports ARR when it is settling from a fling or smooth scroll, and we're continuing our work to add ARR support into more Jetpack libraries. This frame rate article covers many of the APIs you can use to set the frame rate so that your app can directly use ARR.

API-интерфейсы запаса в ADPF

The SystemHealthManager introduces the getCpuHeadroom and getGpuHeadroom APIs, designed to provide games and resource-intensive apps with estimates of available CPU and GPU resources. These methods offer a way for you to gauge how your app or game can best improve system health, particularly when used in conjunction with other Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF) APIs that detect thermal throttling.

By using CpuHeadroomParams and GpuHeadroomParams on supported devices, you can customize the time window used to compute the headroom and select between average or minimum resource availability. This can help you reduce your CPU or GPU resource usage accordingly, leading to better user experiences and improved battery life.

Доступность

В Android 16 добавлены новые API и функции специальных возможностей, которые помогут сделать ваше приложение доступным каждому пользователю.

Улучшенные API специальных возможностей

Android 16 adds additional APIs to enhance UI semantics that help improve consistency for users that rely on accessibility services, such as TalkBack.

Outline text for maximum text contrast

Users with low vision often have reduced contrast sensitivity, making it challenging to distinguish objects from their backgrounds. To help these users, Android 16 introduces outline text, replacing high contrast text, which draws a larger contrasting area around text to greatly improve legibility.

Android 16 contains new AccessibilityManager APIs to let your apps check or register a listener to see if this mode is enabled. This is primarily for UI Toolkits like Compose to offer a similar visual experience. If you maintain a UI Toolkit library or your app performs custom text rendering that bypasses the android.text.Layout class then you can use this to know when outline text is enabled.

Duration added to TtsSpan

Android 16 extends TtsSpan with a TYPE_DURATION, consisting of ARG_HOURS, ARG_MINUTES, and ARG_SECONDS. This lets you directly annotate time duration, ensuring accurate and consistent text-to-speech output with services like TalkBack.

Support elements with multiple labels

Android currently allows UI elements to derive their accessibility label from another, and now offers the ability for multiple labels to be associated, a common scenario in web content. By introducing a list-based API within AccessibilityNodeInfo, Android can directly support these multi-label relationships. As part of this change, we've deprecated AccessibilityNodeInfo#setLabeledBy and #getLabeledBy in favor of #addLabeledBy, #removeLabeledBy, and #getLabeledByList.

Improved support for expandable elements

Android 16 adds accessibility APIs that allow you to convey the expanded or collapsed state of interactive elements, such as menus and expandable lists. By setting the expanded state using setExpandedState and dispatching TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED AccessibilityEvents with a CONTENT_CHANGE_TYPE_EXPANDED content change type, you can ensure that screen readers like TalkBack announce state changes, providing a more intuitive and inclusive user experience.

Indeterminate ProgressBars

Android 16 adds RANGE_TYPE_INDETERMINATE, giving a way for you to expose RangeInfo for both determinate and indeterminate ProgressBar widgets, allowing services like TalkBack to more consistently provide feedback for progress indicators.

Tri-state CheckBox

The new AccessibilityNodeInfo getChecked and setChecked(int) methods in Android 16 now support a "partially checked" state in addition to "checked" and "unchecked." This replaces the deprecated boolean isChecked and setChecked(boolean).

Supplemental descriptions

When an accessibility service describes a ViewGroup, it combines content labels from its child views. If you provide a contentDescription for the ViewGroup, accessibility services assume you are also overriding the description of non-focusable child views. This can be problematic if you want to label things like a drop-down (for example, "Font Family") while preserving the current selection for accessibility (for example, "Roboto"). Android 16 adds setSupplementalDescription so you can provide text that provides information about a ViewGroup without overriding information from its children.

Required form fields

Android 16 adds setFieldRequired to AccessibilityNodeInfo so apps can tell an accessibility service that input to a form field is required. This is an important scenario for users filling out many types of forms, even things as simple as a required terms and conditions checkbox, helping users to consistently identify and quickly navigate between required fields.

Телефон как микрофонный вход для голосовых вызовов со слуховыми аппаратами LEA

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to switch between the built-in microphones on the hearing aids and the microphone on their phone for voice calls. This can be helpful in noisy environments or other situations where the hearing aid's microphones might not perform well.

Регуляторы громкости окружающей среды для слуховых аппаратов LEA

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to adjust the volume of ambient sound that is picked up by the hearing aid's microphones. This can be helpful in situations where background noise is too loud or too quiet.

Камера

Android 16 расширяет поддержку профессиональных пользователей камер, позволяя использовать гибридную автоматическую экспозицию, а также точную настройку цветовой температуры и оттенков. Новый индикатор ночного режима помогает вашему приложению узнать, когда следует переключиться на сеанс камеры в ночном режиме и выйти из него. Новые действия Intent упрощают съемку движущихся фотографий, и мы продолжаем улучшать изображения UltraHDR за счет поддержки кодирования HEIC и новых параметров из проекта стандарта ISO 21496-1.

Гибридная автоэкспозиция

Android 16 adds new hybrid auto-exposure modes to Camera2, allowing you to manually control specific aspects of exposure while letting the auto-exposure (AE) algorithm handle the rest. You can control ISO + AE, and exposure time + AE, providing greater flexibility compared to the current approach where you either have full manual control or rely entirely on auto-exposure.

fun setISOPriority() {
    // ... (Your existing code before the snippet) ...

    val availablePriorityModes = mStaticInfo.characteristics.get(
        CameraCharacteristics.CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_PRIORITY_MODES
    )

    // ... (Your existing code between the snippets) ...

    // Turn on AE mode to set priority mode
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE,
        CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON
    )
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_PRIORITY_MODE,
        CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AE_PRIORITY_MODE_SENSOR_SENSITIVITY_PRIORITY
    )
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.SENSOR_SENSITIVITY,
        TEST_SENSITIVITY_VALUE
    )
    val request: CaptureRequest = reqBuilder.build()

    // ... (Your existing code after the snippet) ...
}

Точная настройка цветовой температуры и оттенков.

В Android 16 добавлена ​​поддержка камеры для точной настройки цветовой температуры и оттенков для лучшей поддержки профессиональных приложений для записи видео. В предыдущих версиях Android вы могли управлять настройками баланса белого с помощью CONTROL_AWB_MODE , который содержит параметры, ограниченные списком предустановок, таких как «Лампа накаливания» , «Облачно » и «Сумерки» . COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE_CCT позволяет использовать COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE и COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TINT для точной настройки баланса белого на основе коррелированной цветовой температуры.

public void setCCT() {
  ...
  Range<Integer> colorTemperatureRange =
     mStaticInfo.getCharacteristics().get(CameraCharacteristics.
     COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE_RANGE);
  // Set to manual mode to enable CCT mode
  reqBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AWB_MODE, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AWB_MODE_OFF);
  reqBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE,
      CameraMetadata.COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE_CCT);
  reqBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE, 5000);
  reqBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TINT, 30);
  CaptureRequest request = reqBuilder.build();
  ...
}

В следующих примерах показано, как будет выглядеть фотография после применения различных настроек цветовой температуры и оттенка:

Обнаружение сцены в ночном режиме камеры

To help your app know when to switch to and from a night mode camera session, Android 16 adds EXTENSION_NIGHT_MODE_INDICATOR. If supported, it's available in the CaptureResult within Camera2.

This is the API we briefly mentioned as coming soon in the How Instagram enabled users to take stunning low light photos blog post. That post is a practical guide on how to implement night mode together with a case study that links higher-quality in-app night mode photos with an increase in the number of photos shared from the in-app camera.

Действия по захвату движущихся фотографий

Android 16 adds standard Intent actions — ACTION_MOTION_PHOTO_CAPTURE, and ACTION_MOTION_PHOTO_CAPTURE_SECURE — which request that the camera application capture a motion photo and return it.

You must either pass an extra EXTRA_OUTPUT to control where the image will be written, or a Uri through Intent.setClipData(ClipData). If you don't set a ClipData, it will be copied there for you when calling Context.startActivity(Intent).

Улучшения изображения UltraHDR

Android 16 continues our work to deliver dazzling image quality with UltraHDR images. It adds support for UltraHDR images in the HEIC file format. These images will get ImageFormat type HEIC_ULTRAHDR and will contain an embedded gainmap similar to the existing UltraHDR JPEG format. We're working on AVIF support for UltraHDR as well, so stay tuned.

In addition, Android 16 implements additional parameters in UltraHDR from the ISO 21496-1 draft standard, including the ability to get and set the colorspace that gainmap math should be applied in, as well as support for HDR encoded base images with SDR gainmaps.

Графика

Android 16 включает в себя новейшие графические улучшения, такие как пользовательские графические эффекты с помощью AGSL.

Пользовательские графические эффекты с AGSL

Android 16 adds RuntimeColorFilter and RuntimeXfermode, allowing you to author complex effects like Threshold, Sepia, and Hue Saturation and apply them to draw calls. Since Android 13, you've been able to use AGSL to create custom RuntimeShaders that extend Shader. The new API mirrors this, adding an AGSL-powered RuntimeColorFilter that extends ColorFilter, and a Xfermode effect that lets you implement AGSL-based custom compositing and blending between source and destination pixels.

private val thresholdEffectString = """
    uniform half threshold;

    half4 main(half4 c) {
        half luminosity = dot(c.rgb, half3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));
        half bw = step(threshold, luminosity);
        return bw.xxx1 * c.a;
    }"""

fun setCustomColorFilter(paint: Paint) {
   val filter = RuntimeColorFilter(thresholdEffectString)
   filter.setFloatUniform(0.5);
   paint.colorFilter = filter
}

Возможности подключения

Android 16 обновляет платформу, предоставляя вашему приложению доступ к новейшим достижениям в области связи и беспроводных технологий.

Начиная с повышенной безопасности

В Android 16 добавлена ​​поддержка надежных функций безопасности при определении местоположения Wi-Fi на поддерживаемых устройствах с Wi-Fi 6 802.11az, что позволяет приложениям сочетать более высокую точность, большую масштабируемость и динамическое планирование протокола с улучшениями безопасности, включая AES-256. шифрование и защита от атак MITM. Это позволяет более безопасно использовать его в случаях, когда устройство находится вблизи, например, для разблокировки ноутбука или двери автомобиля. 802.11az интегрирован со стандартом Wi-Fi 6, используя его инфраструктуру и возможности для более широкого внедрения и упрощения развертывания.

Общие API ранжирования

Android 16 includes the new RangingManager, which provides ways to determine the distance and angle on supported hardware between the local device and a remote device. RangingManager supports the usage of a variety of ranging technologies such as BLE channel sounding, BLE RSSI-based ranging, Ultra Wideband, and Wi-Fi round trip time.

СМИ

Android 16 включает в себя множество функций, улучшающих качество мультимедиа.

Улучшения выбора фотографий

The photo picker provides a safe, built-in way for users to grant your app access to selected images and videos from both local and cloud storage, instead of their entire media library. Using a combination of Modular System Components through Google System Updates and Google Play services, it's supported back to Android 4.4 (API level 19). Integration requires just a few lines of code with the associated Android Jetpack library.

Android 16 includes the following improvements to the photo picker:

• Embedded photo picker: New APIs that enable apps to embed the photo picker into their view hierarchy. This allows it to feel like a more integrated part of the app while still leveraging the process isolation that allows users to select media without the app needing overly broad permissions. To maximize compatibility across platform versions and simplify your integration, you'll want to use the forthcoming Android Jetpack library if you want to integrate the embedded photo picker.
• Cloud search in photo picker: New APIs that enable searching from the cloud media provider for the Android photo picker. Search functionality in the photo picker is coming soon.

Расширенное профессиональное видео

Android 16 introduces support for the Advanced Professional Video (APV) codec which is designed to be used for professional level high quality video recording and post production.

The APV codec standard has the following features:

• Perceptually lossless video quality (close to raw video quality)
• Low complexity and high throughput intra-frame-only coding (without pixel domain prediction) to better support editing workflows
• Support for high bit-rate range up to a few Gbps for 2K, 4K and 8K resolution content, enabled by a lightweight entropy coding scheme
• Frame tiling for immersive content and for enabling parallel encoding and decoding
• Support for various chroma sampling formats and bit-depths
• Support for multiple decoding and re-encoding without severe visual quality degradation
• Support multi-view video and auxiliary video like depth, alpha, and preview
• Support for HDR10/10+ and user-defined metadata

A reference implementation of APV is provided through the OpenAPV project. Android 16 will implement support for the APV 422-10 Profile that provides YUV 422 color sampling along with 10-bit encoding and for target bitrates of up to 2Gbps.

Конфиденциальность

Android 16 включает в себя множество функций, которые помогают разработчикам приложений защищать конфиденциальность пользователей.

Обновления Health Connect

Health Connect в предварительной версии для разработчиков добавляет ACTIVITY_INTENSITY , новый тип данных, определенный в соответствии с рекомендациями Всемирной организации здравоохранения в отношении умеренной и активной активности. Для каждой записи необходимо указать время начала и окончания, а также умеренную или высокую интенсивность активности.

Health Connect также содержит обновленные API, поддерживающие медицинские записи. Это позволяет приложениям читать и записывать медицинские записи в формате FHIR с явного согласия пользователя. Этот API находится в программе раннего доступа. Если вы хотите принять участие, зарегистрируйтесь и станьте частью нашей программы раннего доступа .

Песочница конфиденциальности на Android

Android 16 incorporates the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android, part of our ongoing work to develop technologies where users know their privacy is protected. Our website has more about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer beta program to help you get started. Check out the SDK Runtime which allows SDKs to run in a dedicated runtime environment separate from the app they are serving, providing stronger safeguards around user data collection and sharing.

Безопасность

Android 16 включает функции, которые помогут вам повысить безопасность вашего приложения и защитить его данные.

API обмена ключами

В Android 16 добавлены API, которые поддерживают общий доступ к ключам хранилища ключей Android с другими приложениями. Новый класс KeyStoreManager поддерживает предоставление и отзыв доступа к ключам с помощью uid приложения и включает API для доступа приложений к общим ключам.

Форм-факторы устройств

Android 16 предоставляет вашим приложениям поддержку, позволяющую максимально эффективно использовать форм-факторы Android.

Стандартизированная система качества изображения и звука для телевизоров

The new MediaQuality package in Android 16 exposes a set of standardized APIs for access to audio and picture profiles and hardware-related settings. This allows streaming apps to query profiles and apply them to media dynamically:

• Movies mastered with a wider dynamic range require greater color accuracy to see subtle details in shadows and adjust to ambient light, so a profile that prefers color accuracy over brightness may be appropriate.
• Live sporting events are often mastered with a narrow dynamic range, but are often watched in daylight, so a profile that preferences brightness over color accuracy can give better results.
• Fully interactive content wants minimal processing to reduce latency, and wants higher frame rates, which is why many TV's ship with a game profile.

The API allows apps to switch between profiles and users to enjoy tuning supported TVs to best suit their content.

Интернационализация

В Android 16 добавлены функции и возможности, которые улучшают взаимодействие с пользователем при использовании устройства на разных языках.

Вертикальный текст

Android 16 adds low-level support for rendering and measuring text vertically to provide foundational vertical writing support for library developers. This is particularly useful for languages like Japanese that commonly use vertical writing systems. A new flag, VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG, has been added to the Paint class. When this flag is set using Paint.setFlags, Paint's text measurement APIs will report vertical advances instead of horizontal advances, and Canvas will draw text vertically.

val text = "「春は、曙。」"
Box(
    Modifier.padding(innerPadding).background(Color.White).fillMaxSize().drawWithContent {
        drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->
            val paint = Paint().apply { textSize = 64.sp.toPx() }
            // Draw text vertically
            paint.flags = paint.flags or VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG
            val height = paint.measureText(text)
            canvas.nativeCanvas.drawText(
                text,
                0,
                text.length,
                size.width / 2,
                (size.height - height) / 2,
                paint
            )
        }
    }
) {}

Настройка системы измерения

Users can now customize their measurement system in regional preferences within Settings. The user preference is included as part of the locale code, so you can register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

Using formatters can help match the local experience. For example, "0.5 in" in English (United States), is "12,7 mm" for a user who has set their phone to English (Denmark) or who uses their phone in English (United States) with the metric system as the measurement system preference.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & region.