Behavior UI tests are tests that analyze the UI hierarchy to make assertions on the properties of the UI elements.
Jetpack frameworks
Jetpack includes various frameworks that provide APIs for writing UI tests:
- The Espresso testing framework (Android 4.0.1, API level 14 or higher) provides APIs for writing UI tests to simulate user interactions with Views within a single target app. A key benefit of using Espresso is that it provides automatic synchronization of test actions with the UI of the app you are testing. Espresso detects when the main thread is idle, so it is able to run your test commands at the appropriate time, improving the reliability of your tests.
- Jetpack Compose (Android 5.0, API level 21 or higher) provides a set of testing APIs to launch and interact with Compose screens and components. Interactions with Compose elements are synchronized with tests and have complete control over time, animations and recompositions.
- UI Automator (Android 4.3, API level 18 or higher) is a UI testing framework suitable for cross-app functional UI testing across system and installed apps. The UI Automator APIs allows you to perform operations such as opening the Settings menu or the app launcher on a test device.
- Robolectric (Android 4.1, API level 16 or higher) lets you create local tests that run on your workstation or continuous integration environment in a regular JVM, instead of on an emulator or device. It can use Espresso or Compose testing APIs to interact with UI components.
Additional resources
For more information about creating UI tests, consult the following resources.