포그라운드 서비스 유형

Android 14 (API 수준 34)부터는 적합한 API를 사용하여 서비스 유형을 지정합니다 즉, 서비스 유형을 지정하고 적절한 포그라운드 요청도 서비스 권한을 요청하는 것 외에 FOREGROUND_SERVICE 권한이 있는지 확인하세요. 또한 포그라운드 서비스 유형에 따라 서비스를 실행하기 전에 런타임 권한을 요청해야 할 수도 있습니다.

카메라

android:foregroundServiceType 아래 매니페스트에서 선언할 포그라운드 서비스 유형
camera
매니페스트에서 선언할 수 있는 권한
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
startForeground()에 전달할 상수
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
런타임 기본 요건

CAMERA 런타임 권한을 요청하고 부여받음

설명

멀티태스킹을 허용하는 영상 채팅 앱과 같이 백그라운드에서 카메라에 계속 액세스합니다.

연결된 기기

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

데이터 동기화

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Data transfer operations, such as the following:

  • Data upload or download
  • Backup-and-restore operations
  • Import or export operations
  • Fetch data
  • Local file processing
  • Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network
Alternatives

See Alternatives to data sync foreground services for detailed information.

Health

매니페스트에서 선언할 포그라운드 서비스 유형
android:foregroundServiceType
health
매니페스트에서 선언할 권한
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
startForeground()에 전달할 상수
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
런타임 기본 요건

다음 조건 중 하나 이상에 해당해야 합니다.

설명

운동 추적기 등 피트니스 카테고리의 앱을 지원하기 위한 장기 실행 사용 사례입니다.

위치

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
location
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
Runtime prerequisites

The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

Description

Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.

Alternatives

If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.

미디어

매니페스트에서 선언할 포그라운드 서비스 유형
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
매니페스트에서 선언할 수 있는 권한
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
startForeground()에 전달할 상수
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
런타임 기본 요건
없음
설명

백그라운드에서 오디오 또는 동영상을 계속 재생합니다. Android TV에서 디지털 동영상 녹화(DVR) 기능을 지원합니다.

대안

PIP 모드 동영상을 표시하는 경우 PIP 모드.

미디어 처리 중

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Service for performing time-consuming operations on media assets, like converting media to different formats. The system allows this service a limited time to run; under normal circumstances, this time limit would be 6 hours out of every 24. (This limit is shared by all of an app's mediaProcessing foreground services.)

Your app should manually stop the media processing service in the following scenario:

If the timeout period is reached, the system calls the service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), an ANR will occur with this error message: "A foreground service of <fgs_type> did not stop within its timeout: <component_name>".

Note: Service.onTimeout(int, int) is not available on Android 14 or lower. On devices running those versions, if a media processing service reaches the timeout period, the system immediately caches the app. For this reason, your app shouldn't wait to get a timeout notification. Instead, it should terminate the foreground service or change it to a background service as soon as appropriate.

미디어 프로젝션

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Runtime prerequisites

Call the createScreenCaptureIntent() method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.

After you have created the foreground service, you can call MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().

Description

Project content to non-primary display or external device using the MediaProjection APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.

Alternatives

To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.

마이크

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

전화 통화

매니페스트에서 선언할 포그라운드 서비스 유형
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
매니페스트에서 선언할 권한
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
startForeground()에 전달할 상수
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
런타임 기본 요건

다음 조건 중 하나 이상이 참이어야 합니다.

  • 앱이 매니페스트 파일에서 MANAGE_OWN_CALLS 권한을 선언했습니다.
  • 앱이 기본 다이얼러 앱입니다. ROLE_DIALER 역할이 있는지 확인합니다.
설명

ConnectionService API를 사용하여 진행 중인 통화를 계속합니다.

대안

전화, 영상 또는 VoIP 통화를 해야 하는 경우 android.telecom 라이브러리를 사용하여 만들 수 있습니다.

CallScreeningService를 사용하여 통화의 신원을 확인하는 것이 좋습니다.

원격 메시지

매니페스트에서 선언할 포그라운드 서비스 유형
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
매니페스트에서 선언할 권한
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
startForeground()에 전달할 상수
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
런타임 기본 요건
없음
설명
문자 메시지를 한 기기에서 다른 기기로 전송합니다. 사용자가 기기를 전환할 때 사용자의 메시지 작업의 연속성을 지원합니다.

짧은 서비스

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

특수 용도

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

시스템 제외됨

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

포그라운드 서비스 유형 사용에 관한 Google Play 정책 시행

If your app targets Android 14 or higher, you'll need to declare your app's foreground service types in the Play Console's app content page (Policy > App content). For more information on how to declare your foreground service types in Play Console, see Understanding foreground service and full-screen intent requirements.