Ringkasan Fitur dan API

Android 15 memperkenalkan fitur dan API baru yang hebat bagi para developer. Bagian berikut merangkum fitur-fitur ini untuk membantu Anda memulai API terkait.

Untuk melihat daftar mendetail tentang API yang ditambahkan, diubah, dan dihapus, baca laporan perbedaan API. Untuk mengetahui detail tentang API yang ditambahkan, buka referensi API Android — untuk Android 15, cari API yang ditambahkan di level API 35. Untuk mempelajari area tempat perubahan platform dapat memengaruhi aplikasi Anda, pastikan untuk memeriksa perubahan perilaku Android 15 untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 15 dan untuk semua aplikasi.

Kamera dan media

Android 15 menyertakan berbagai fitur yang meningkatkan pengalaman kamera dan media serta memberi Anda akses ke alat dan hardware untuk mendukung kreator dalam mewujudkan visi mereka di Android.

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang fitur dan solusi developer terbaru untuk media dan kamera Android, lihat video Building modern Android media and camera experiences dari Google I/O.

Peningkatan Cahaya Rendah

Android 15 memperkenalkan Low Light Boost, mode eksposur otomatis yang tersedia untuk Camera 2 dan ekstensi kamera mode malam. Peningkatan Cahaya Redup menyesuaikan eksposur streaming Pratinjau dalam kondisi cahaya redup. Hal ini berbeda dengan cara ekstensi kamera mode malam membuat gambar diam, karena mode malam menggabungkan serangkaian foto untuk membuat satu gambar yang ditingkatkan. Meskipun mode malam berfungsi sangat baik untuk membuat gambar diam, mode ini tidak dapat membuat streaming frame yang berkelanjutan, tetapi Low Light Boost dapat melakukannya. Dengan demikian, Pengoptimalan Cahaya Rendah memungkinkan kemampuan kamera, seperti:

• Memberikan pratinjau gambar yang ditingkatkan, sehingga pengguna dapat lebih baik membingkai gambar dalam kondisi cahaya redup
• Memindai kode QR dalam kondisi cahaya redup

Jika Anda mengaktifkan Peningkatan Cahaya Redup, fitur ini akan otomatis aktif saat ada tingkat cahaya yang rendah, dan nonaktif saat ada lebih banyak cahaya.

Aplikasi dapat merekam dari streaming Pratinjau dalam kondisi cahaya redup untuk menyimpan video yang lebih terang.

Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Penguatan Cahaya Redup.

Kontrol kamera dalam aplikasi

Android 15 menambahkan ekstensi untuk lebih mengontrol hardware kamera dan algoritmanya di perangkat yang didukung:

• Penyesuaian kekuatan flash lanjutan yang memungkinkan kontrol intensitas flash yang presisi dalam mode SINGLE dan TORCH saat mengambil gambar.

Kontrol headroom HDR

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

Kontrol kenyaringan

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

Perangkat MIDI 2.0 virtual

Android 13 menambahkan dukungan untuk terhubung ke perangkat MIDI 2.0 menggunakan USB, yang berkomunikasi menggunakan Universal MIDI Packets (UMP). Android 15 memperluas dukungan UMP ke aplikasi MIDI virtual, yang memungkinkan aplikasi komposisi mengontrol aplikasi synthesizer sebagai perangkat MIDI 2.0 virtual seperti yang dilakukan dengan perangkat USB MIDI 2.0.

Dekode software AV1 yang lebih efisien

dav1d, the popular AV1 software decoder from VideoLAN is available for Android devices that don't support AV1 decode in hardware. dav1d is up to 3x more performant than the legacy AV1 software decoder, enabling HD AV1 playback for more users, including some low and mid tier devices.

Your app needs to opt-in to using dav1d by invoking it by name "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder". dav1d will be made the default AV1 software decoder in a subsequent update. This support is standardized and backported to Android 11 devices that receive Google Play system updates.

Alat dan produktivitas developer

Meskipun sebagian besar upaya kami untuk meningkatkan produktivitas Anda berpusat pada alat seperti Android Studio, Jetpack Compose, dan library Android Jetpack, kami selalu mencari cara di platform untuk membantu Anda mewujudkan visi dengan lebih mudah.

Update OpenJDK 17

Android 15 melanjutkan pekerjaan memuat ulang library inti Android agar selaras dengan fitur dalam rilis OpenJDK LTS terbaru.

Fitur dan peningkatan utama berikut disertakan:

• Peningkatan kualitas hidup di sekitar buffer NIO
• Streaming
• Metode math dan strictmath tambahan
• Update paket util termasuk collection, map, dan set yang diurutkan
• Dukungan ByteBuffer di Deflater
• Update keamanan seperti X500PrivateCredential dan update kunci keamanan

API ini diupdate di lebih dari satu miliar perangkat yang menjalankan Android 12 (API level 31) dan yang lebih tinggi melalui update Sistem Google Play, sehingga Anda dapat menargetkan fitur pemrograman terbaru.

Peningkatan PDF

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use. The Jetpack PDF library uses these APIs to simplify adding PDF viewing capabilities to your app.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

Penyempurnaan pengalihan bahasa otomatis

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

Peningkatan OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 improves the usability of the OpenType variable font. You can create a FontFamily instance from a variable font without specifying weight axes with the buildVariableFamily API. The text renderer overrides the value of wght axis to match the displaying text.

Using the API simplifies the code for creating a Typeface considerably:

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

Previously, to create the same Typeface, you would need much more code:

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

Here's an example of how a Typeface created with both the old and new APIs renders:

In this example, the Typeface created with the old API doesn't have the capability to create accurate font weights for the 350, 450, 550 and 650 Font instances, so the renderer falls back to the closest weight. So in this case, 300 is rendered instead of 350, 400 is rendered instead of 450, and so on. By contrast, the Typeface created with the new APIs dynamically creates a Font instance for a given weight, so accurate weights are rendered for 350, 450, 550, and 650 as well.

Kontrol pemisah baris terperinci

Mulai Android 15, TextView dan pemisah baris yang mendasarinya dapat mempertahankan bagian teks tertentu di baris yang sama untuk meningkatkan keterbacaan. Anda dapat memanfaatkan penyesuaian akhir baris ini dengan menggunakan tag <nobreak> dalam resource string atau createNoBreakSpan. Demikian pula, Anda dapat mempertahankan kata dari pemisahan kata dengan menggunakan tag <nohyphen> atau createNoHyphenationSpan.

Misalnya, resource string berikut tidak menyertakan baris baru, dan dirender dengan teks "Pixel 8 Pro" yang terputus di tempat yang tidak diinginkan:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

Sebaliknya, resource string ini menyertakan tag <nobreak>, yang menggabungkan frasa "Pixel 8 Pro" dan mencegah pemisahan baris:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

Perbedaan cara string ini dirender ditunjukkan dalam gambar berikut:

Tata letak untuk baris teks dengan frasa "Pixel 8 Pro". yang tidak digabungkan menggunakan tag <nobreak>.

Tata letak untuk baris teks yang sama dengan frasa "Pixel 8 Pro". yang digabungkan menggunakan tag <nobreak>.

Pengarsipan aplikasi

Android dan Google Play mengumumkan dukungan untuk pengarsipan aplikasi tahun lalu, yang memungkinkan pengguna mengosongkan ruang dengan menghapus sebagian aplikasi yang jarang digunakan dari perangkat yang dipublikasikan menggunakan Android App Bundle di Google Play. Android 15 menyertakan dukungan tingkat OS untuk pengarsipan dan pembatalan pengarsipan aplikasi, sehingga mempermudah semua app store untuk menerapkannya.

Aplikasi dengan izin REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES dapat memanggil metode PackageInstaller requestArchive untuk meminta pengarsipan paket aplikasi yang diinstal, yang akan menghapus APK dan file dalam cache, tetapi mempertahankan data pengguna. Aplikasi yang diarsipkan akan ditampilkan sebagai aplikasi yang dapat ditampilkan melalui LauncherApps API; pengguna akan melihat tampilan UI untuk menyoroti bahwa mereka aplikasi akan diarsipkan. Jika pengguna mengetuk aplikasi yang diarsipkan, penginstal yang bertanggung jawab akan mendapatkan permintaan untuk membatalkan pengarsipan file, dan proses pemulihan dapat dipantau oleh siaran ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED.

Enable 16 KB mode on a device using developer options

Toggle the Boot with 16KB page size developer option to boot a device in 16 KB mode.

In QPR versions of Android 15, you can use the developer option that's available on certain devices to boot the device in 16 KB mode and perform on-device testing. Before using the developer option, go to Settings > System > Software updates and apply any updates that are available.

This developer option is available on the following devices:

• Pixel 8 and 8 Pro (with Android 15 QPR1 or higher)

• Pixel 8a (with Android 15 QPR1 or higher)

• Pixel 9, 9 Pro, and 9 Pro XL (with Android 15 QPR2 or higher)

• Pixel 9a (with Android 16 or higher)

Grafik

Android 15 menghadirkan peningkatan grafis terbaru, termasuk ANGLE dan penambahan pada sistem grafis Canvas.

Memodernisasi akses GPU Android

Hardware Android telah berkembang cukup banyak sejak awal ketika OS inti akan berjalan di satu CPU dan GPU diakses menggunakan API berdasarkan pipeline fungsi tetap. API grafis Vulkan® telah tersedia di NDK sejak Android 7.0 (API level 24) dengan abstraksi tingkat rendah yang lebih mencerminkan hardware GPU modern, diskalakan dengan lebih baik untuk mendukung beberapa core CPU, dan menawarkan overhead driver CPU yang lebih rendah — sehingga meningkatkan performa aplikasi. Vulkan didukung oleh semua game engine modern.

Vulkan adalah antarmuka pilihan Android untuk GPU. Oleh karena itu, Android 15 menyertakan ANGLE sebagai lapisan opsional untuk menjalankan OpenGL® ES di atas Vulkan. Beralih ke ANGLE akan menstandarkan implementasi OpenGL Android untuk meningkatkan kompatibilitas, dan, dalam beberapa kasus, meningkatkan performa. Anda dapat menguji stabilitas dan performa aplikasi OpenGL ES dengan ANGLE dengan mengaktifkan opsi developer di Setelan -> Sistem -> Opsi Developer -> Eksperimental: Aktifkan ANGLE di Android 15.

Roadmap Android ANGLE di Vulkan

Sebagai bagian dari penyederhanaan stack GPU, ke depannya kami akan mengirimkan ANGLE sebagai driver sistem GL di lebih banyak perangkat baru, dengan ekspektasi di masa mendatang bahwa OpenGL/ES hanya akan tersedia melalui ANGLE. Meskipun demikian, kami berencana untuk melanjutkan dukungan untuk OpenGL ES di semua perangkat.

Rekomendasi langkah selanjutnya

Gunakan opsi developer untuk memilih driver ANGLE untuk OpenGL ES dan menguji aplikasi Anda. Untuk project baru, sebaiknya gunakan Vulkan untuk C/C++.

Peningkatan untuk Canvas

Android 15 melanjutkan modernisasi sistem grafis Canvas Android dengan kemampuan tambahan:

• Matrix44 menyediakan matriks 4x4 untuk mengubah koordinat yang harus digunakan saat Anda ingin memanipulasi kanvas dalam 3D.
• clipShader memotong klip saat ini dengan shader yang ditentukan, sedangkan clipOutShader menetapkan klip ke perbedaan klip saat ini dan shader, yang masing-masing memperlakukan shader sebagai mask alfa. Hal ini mendukung gambar bentuk kompleks secara efisien.

Performa dan baterai

Android terus berfokus untuk membantu Anda meningkatkan performa dan kualitas aplikasi. Android 15 memperkenalkan API yang membantu membuat tugas di aplikasi Anda lebih efisien untuk dijalankan, mengoptimalkan performa aplikasi, dan mengumpulkan insight tentang aplikasi Anda.

Untuk mengetahui praktik terbaik yang hemat baterai, cara men-debug penggunaan jaringan dan daya, serta detail tentang cara kami meningkatkan efisiensi baterai untuk tugas latar belakang di Android 15 dan versi Android terbaru, lihat video Improving battery efficiency of background work on Android dari Google I/O.

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

Informasi ukuran aplikasi mendetail

Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the StorageStats.getAppBytes API that summarizes the installed size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.

Android 15 adds the StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API, which lets you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided profiles.

Pembuatan profil yang dikelola aplikasi

Android 15 includes the ProfilingManager class, which lets you collect profiling information from within your app such as heap dumps, heap profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.

To simplify constructing profiling requests in your app, we recommend using the corresponding Profiling AndroidX API, available in Core 1.15.0-rc01 or higher.

Peningkatan database SQLite

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

• Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
• Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
• Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Update Android Dynamic Performance Framework

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:

• A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
• GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
• Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

Privasi

Android 15 menyertakan berbagai fitur yang membantu developer aplikasi melindungi privasi pengguna.

Deteksi perekaman layar

Android 15 menambahkan dukungan untuk aplikasi guna mendeteksi bahwa aplikasi sedang direkam. Callback dipanggil setiap kali aplikasi melakukan transisi antara terlihat atau tidak terlihat dalam perekaman layar. Aplikasi dianggap terlihat jika aktivitas yang dimiliki oleh UID proses pendaftaran direkam. Dengan cara ini, jika aplikasi melakukan operasi yang sensitif, Anda dapat memberi tahu pengguna bahwa mereka sedang direkam.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

Kemampuan IntentFilter yang diperluas

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:host="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

Ruang privasi

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

• Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
• Medical apps
• Launcher apps
• App store apps

Membuat kueri pilihan pengguna terbaru untuk Akses Foto yang Dipilih

Aplikasi kini hanya dapat menyoroti foto dan video yang baru saja dipilih saat akses sebagian ke izin media diberikan. Fitur ini dapat meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna untuk aplikasi yang sering meminta akses ke foto dan video. Untuk menggunakan fitur ini di aplikasi Anda, aktifkan argumen QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY saat membuat kueri MediaStore melalui ContentResolver.

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox di Android

Android 15 includes the latest Android Ad Services extensions, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android. This addition is part of our work to develop technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.

Health Connect

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

• Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
• Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Berbagi layar aplikasi

Android 15 supports app screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the app screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is required for each MediaProjection capture session.

Pengalaman pengguna dan UI sistem

Android 15 memberi developer aplikasi dan pengguna lebih banyak kontrol dan fleksibilitas untuk mengonfigurasi perangkat agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka.

Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut cara menggunakan peningkatan terbaru di Android 15 untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna aplikasi Anda, lihat video Improve the user experience of your Android app dari Google I/O.

Pratinjau widget yang lebih lengkap dengan Generated Previews API

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

1. At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
2. setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
3. When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call setWidgetPreview

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

• Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
• Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

Picture-in-Picture

Android 15 introduces changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes another state.

With this UI state, apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

Aturan Jangan Ganggu yang ditingkatkan

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

• Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
• Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
• Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
• Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

Menetapkan VibrationEffect untuk saluran notifikasi

Android 15 supports setting rich vibrations for incoming notifications by channel using NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect, so your users can distinguish between different types of notifications without having to look at their device.

Chip status bar proyeksi media dan penghentian otomatis

Proyeksi media dapat mengekspos informasi pengguna pribadi. Chip status bar baru yang jelas membuat pengguna mengetahui proyeksi layar yang sedang berlangsung. Pengguna dapat mengetuk chip untuk menghentikan transmisi layar, berbagi, atau perekaman. Selain itu, untuk pengalaman pengguna yang lebih intuitif, setiap proyeksi layar yang sedang berlangsung kini otomatis berhenti saat layar perangkat dikunci.

Perangkat layar besar dan faktor bentuk

Android 15 memberi aplikasi Anda dukungan untuk memanfaatkan faktor bentuk Android secara maksimal, termasuk perangkat layar besar, perangkat flip, dan perangkat foldable.

Multitasking perangkat layar besar yang ditingkatkan

Android 15 gives users better ways to multitask on large screen devices. For example, users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for quick access and pin the taskbar on screen to quickly switch between apps. This means that making sure your app is adaptive is more important than ever.

Google I/O has sessions on Building adaptive Android apps and Building UI with the Material 3 adaptive library that can help, and our documentation has more to help you Design for large screens.

Dukungan layar penutup

Aplikasi Anda dapat mendeklarasikan properti yang digunakan Android 15 untuk memungkinkan Application atau Activity ditampilkan di layar penutup kecil perangkat yang dapat dibalik yang didukung. Layar ini terlalu kecil untuk dianggap sebagai target yang kompatibel untuk menjalankan aplikasi Android, tetapi aplikasi Anda dapat memilih untuk mendukungnya, sehingga aplikasi Anda tersedia di lebih banyak tempat.

Konektivitas

Android 15 mengupdate platform untuk memberi aplikasi Anda akses ke kemajuan terbaru dalam teknologi komunikasi dan nirkabel.

Dukungan satelit

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

Pengalaman NFC yang lebih lancar

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

Peran Wallet

Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

Keamanan

Android 15 membantu Anda meningkatkan keamanan aplikasi, melindungi data aplikasi, dan memberi pengguna lebih banyak transparansi dan kontrol atas data mereka. Lihat video Safeguarding user security on Android dari Google I/O untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut upaya kami dalam meningkatkan perlindungan pengguna dan melindungi aplikasi Anda dari ancaman baru.

Mengintegrasikan Credential Manager dengan isi otomatis

Mulai Android 15, developer dapat menautkan tampilan tertentu seperti kolom nama pengguna atau sandi dengan permintaan Pengelola Kredensial, sehingga lebih mudah untuk memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang disesuaikan selama proses login. Saat pengguna berfokus pada salah satu tampilan ini, permintaan yang sesuai akan dikirim ke Pengelola Kredensial. Kredensial yang dihasilkan digabungkan di seluruh penyedia dan ditampilkan di UI penggantian isi otomatis, seperti saran inline atau saran dropdown. Library androidx.credentials Jetpack adalah endpoint pilihan yang dapat digunakan developer dan akan segera tersedia untuk lebih meningkatkan fitur ini di Android 15 dan yang lebih baru.

Mengintegrasikan pendaftaran dan login sekali ketuk dengan perintah biometrik

Pengelola Kredensial mengintegrasikan perintah biometrik ke dalam pembuatan kredensial dan proses login, sehingga penyedia tidak perlu lagi mengelola prompt biometrik. Akibatnya, penyedia kredensial hanya perlu fokus pada hasil alur create dan get, yang ditambah dengan hasil alur biometrik. Proses yang disederhanakan ini menciptakan proses pembuatan dan pengambilan kredensial yang lebih efisien dan sederhana.

Pengelolaan kunci untuk enkripsi end-to-end

Kami memperkenalkan E2eeContactKeysManager di Android 15, yang memfasilitasi enkripsi end-to-end (E2EE) di aplikasi Android Anda dengan menyediakan API tingkat OS untuk penyimpanan kunci publik kriptografis.

E2eeContactKeysManager dirancang untuk berintegrasi dengan aplikasi kontak platform guna memberi pengguna cara terpusat untuk mengelola dan memverifikasi kunci publik kontak mereka.

Pemeriksaan izin pada URI konten

Android 15 introduces a set of APIs that perform permission checks on content URIs:

• Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull: This performs a full permission check on content URIs.
• Activity manifest attribute requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller: This enforces specified permissions on the provided content URIs at activity launch.
• ComponentCaller class for Activity callers: This represents the app that launched the activity.

Aksesibilitas

Android 15 menambahkan fitur yang meningkatkan aksesibilitas bagi pengguna.

Braille yang lebih baik

In Android 15, we've made it possible for TalkBack to support Braille displays that are using the HID standard over both USB and secure Bluetooth.

This standard, much like the one used by mice and keyboards, will help Android support a wider range of Braille displays over time.

Internasionalisasi

Android 15 menambahkan fitur dan kemampuan yang melengkapi pengalaman pengguna saat perangkat digunakan dalam bahasa yang berbeda.

Font variabel CJK

Starting with Android 15, the font file for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages, NotoSansCJK, is now a variable font. Variable fonts open up possibilities for creative typography in CJK languages. Designers can explore a broader range of styles and create visually striking layouts that were previously difficult or impossible to achieve.

Justifikasi antar-karakter

Mulai Android 15, teks dapat dibenarkan menggunakan spasi huruf dengan menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Justifikasi antarkata pertama kali diperkenalkan di Android 8.0 (API level 26), dan justifikasi antarkarakter memberikan kemampuan serupa untuk bahasa yang menggunakan karakter spasi kosong untuk segmentasi, seperti China, Jepang, dan lainnya.

Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Jepang menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Inggris menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Jepang menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Inggris menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Jepang menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Tata letak untuk teks bahasa Inggris menggunakan JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Konfigurasi pemisah baris otomatis

Android mulai mendukung jeda baris berbasis frasa untuk bahasa Jepang dan Korea di Android 13 (level API 33). Namun, sementara jeda baris berbasis frasa meningkatkan keterbacaan baris pendek teks, mereka tidak bekerja dengan baik untuk baris teks yang panjang. Di Android 15, aplikasi dapat menerapkan jeda baris berbasis frasa hanya untuk baris pendek teks, menggunakan LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO sebelumnya. Opsi ini memilih opsi gaya kata terbaik untuk teks.

Untuk baris teks pendek, jeda baris berbasis frasa digunakan, yang berfungsi sama seperti LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar berikut:

Untuk baris teks yang lebih panjang, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO menggunakan gaya kata jeda baris, berfungsi sama dengan LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, seperti yang ditunjukkan di gambar berikut:

Font Hentaigana Jepang Tambahan

Di Android 15, file font untuk huruf Hiragana Jepang lama (yang dikenal sebagai Hentaigana) secara default dipaketkan. Bentuk unik karakter Hentaigana dapat menambahkan gaya unik pada karya seni atau desain sekaligus membantu mempertahankan transmisi dan pemahaman yang akurat tentang dokumen Jepang kuno.

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