Slide between fragments using ViewPager2

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Screen slides are transitions from one entire screen to another and are common with UIs like setup wizards and slideshows. This topic shows you how to do screen slides with a ViewPager2 object. ViewPager2 objects can animate screen slides automatically. Here's an example of a screen slide that transitions from one screen of content to the next:

Figure 1. Screen slide animation.
 

If you want to jump ahead and see a full working example, view this sample app on GitHub.

To use ViewPager2, you need to add some AndroidX dependencies to your project. Then follow the steps outlined in the following sections.

Create the views

Create a layout file to use later for the content of a fragment. You also need to define a string for the contents of the fragment. The following example contains a text view that displays some text:

<!-- fragment_screen_slide_page.xml -->
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <TextView style="?android:textAppearanceMedium"
        android:padding="16dp"
        android:lineSpacingMultiplier="1.2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/lorem_ipsum" />
</ScrollView>

Create the fragment

Create a Fragment class that returns the layout that you created in the onCreateView() method. You can then create instances of this fragment in the parent activity whenever you need a new page to display to the user:

Kotlin

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment

class ScreenSlidePageFragment : Fragment() {

    override fun onCreateView(
            inflater: LayoutInflater,
            container: ViewGroup?,
            savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_screen_slide_page, container, false)
}

Java

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
...
public class ScreenSlidePageFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return (ViewGroup) inflater.inflate(
                R.layout.fragment_screen_slide_page, container, false);
    }
}

Add a ViewPager2

ViewPager2 objects have built-in swipe gestures to transition through pages, and they display screen slide animations by default, so you don't need to create your own animation. ViewPager2 uses FragmentStateAdapter objects as a supply for new pages to display, so the FragmentStateAdapter uses the fragment class that you created.

To begin, create a layout that contains a ViewPager2 object:

<!-- activity_screen_slide.xml -->
<androidx.viewpager2.widget.ViewPager2
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/pager"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

Create an activity that does the following:

  • Sets the content view to be the layout with the ViewPager2.
  • Creates a class that extends the FragmentStateAdapter abstract class and implements the createFragment() method to supply instances of ScreenSlidePageFragment as new pages. You must implement the getItemCount() method for the pager adapter, which returns the number of pages the adapter creates. There are five in the example.
  • Hooks up the FragmentStateAdapter to the ViewPager2 objects.

Kotlin

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity
...
/**
 * The number of pages (wizard steps) to show in this demo.
 */
private const val NUM_PAGES = 5

class ScreenSlidePagerActivity : FragmentActivity() {

    /**
     * The pager widget, which handles animation and allows swiping horizontally
     * to access previous and next wizard steps.
     */
    private lateinit var viewPager: ViewPager2

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_screen_slide)

        // Instantiate a ViewPager2 and a PagerAdapter.
        viewPager = findViewById(R.id.pager)

        // The pager adapter, which provides the pages to the view pager widget.
        val pagerAdapter = ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(this)
        viewPager.adapter = pagerAdapter
    }

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        if (viewPager.currentItem == 0) {
            // If the user is currently looking at the first step, allow the system to handle
            // the Back button. This calls finish() on this activity and pops the back stack.
            super.onBackPressed()
        } else {
            // Otherwise, select the previous step.
            viewPager.currentItem = viewPager.currentItem - 1
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple pager adapter that represents 5 ScreenSlidePageFragment objects, in
     * sequence.
     */
    private inner class ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(fa: FragmentActivity) : FragmentStateAdapter(fa) {
        override fun getItemCount(): Int = NUM_PAGES

        override fun createFragment(position: Int): Fragment = ScreenSlidePageFragment()
    }
}

Java

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity;
...
public class ScreenSlidePagerActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    /**
     * The number of pages (wizard steps) to show in this demo.
     */
    private static final int NUM_PAGES = 5;

    /**
     * The pager widget, which handles animation and allows swiping horizontally to access previous
     * and next wizard steps.
     */
    private ViewPager2 viewPager;

    /**
     * The pager adapter, which provides the pages to the view pager widget.
     */
    private FragmentStateAdapter pagerAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_screen_slide);

        // Instantiate a ViewPager2 and a PagerAdapter.
        viewPager = findViewById(R.id.pager);
        pagerAdapter = new ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(this);
        viewPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        if (viewPager.getCurrentItem() == 0) {
            // If the user is currently looking at the first step, allow the system to handle the
            // Back button. This calls finish() on this activity and pops the back stack.
            super.onBackPressed();
        } else {
            // Otherwise, select the previous step.
            viewPager.setCurrentItem(viewPager.getCurrentItem() - 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple pager adapter that represents 5 ScreenSlidePageFragment objects, in
     * sequence.
     */
    private class ScreenSlidePagerAdapter extends FragmentStateAdapter {
        public ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(FragmentActivity fa) {
            super(fa);
        }

        @Override
        public Fragment createFragment(int position) {
            return new ScreenSlidePageFragment();
        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return NUM_PAGES;
        }
    }
}

Customize the animation using PageTransformer

To display a different animation from the default screen slide animation, implement the ViewPager2.PageTransformer interface and supply it to the ViewPager2 object. The interface exposes a single method, transformPage(). At each point in the screen's transition, this method is called once for each visible page—there's usually only one visible page—and for adjacent pages off the screen. For example, if page three is visible and the user drags towards page four, transformPage() is called for pages two, three, and four at each step of the gesture.

In your implementation of transformPage(), you can then create custom slide animations by determining which pages need to be transformed based on the position of the page on the screen. Obtain the page position from the position parameter of the transformPage() method.

The position parameter indicates where a given page is located relative to the center of the screen. This parameter is a dynamic property that changes as the user scrolls through a series of pages. When a page fills the screen, its position value is 0. When a page is drawn off the right side of the screen, its position value is 1. If the user scrolls halfway between pages one and two, page one has a position of -0.5, and page two has a position of 0.5. Based on the position of the pages on the screen, you can create custom slide animations by setting page properties with methods such as setAlpha(), setTranslationX(), or setScaleY().

When you have an implementation of a PageTransformer, call setPageTransformer() with your implementation to apply your custom animations. For example, if you have a PageTransformer named ZoomOutPageTransformer, you can set your custom animations like this:

Kotlin

val viewPager: ViewPager2 = findViewById(R.id.pager)
...
viewPager.setPageTransformer(ZoomOutPageTransformer())

Java

ViewPager2 viewPager = findViewById(R.id.pager);
...
viewPager.setPageTransformer(new ZoomOutPageTransformer());

See the Zoom-out page transformer and Depth page transformer sections for examples of a PageTransformer.

Zoom-out page transformer

This page transformer shrinks and fades pages when scrolling between adjacent pages. As a page gets closer to the center, it grows back to its normal size and fades in.

Figure 2. ZoomOutPageTransformer example.
 

Kotlin

private const val MIN_SCALE = 0.85f
private const val MIN_ALPHA = 0.5f

class ZoomOutPageTransformer : ViewPager2.PageTransformer {

    override fun transformPage(view: View, position: Float) {
        view.apply {
            val pageWidth = width
            val pageHeight = height
            when {
                position < -1 -> { // [-Infinity,-1)
                    // This page is way off-screen to the left.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
                position <= 1 -> { // [-1,1]
                    // Modify the default slide transition to shrink the page as well.
                    val scaleFactor = Math.max(MIN_SCALE, 1 - Math.abs(position))
                    val vertMargin = pageHeight * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2
                    val horzMargin = pageWidth * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2
                    translationX = if (position < 0) {
                        horzMargin - vertMargin / 2
                    } else {
                        horzMargin + vertMargin / 2
                    }

                    // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1).
                    scaleX = scaleFactor
                    scaleY = scaleFactor

                    // Fade the page relative to its size.
                    alpha = (MIN_ALPHA +
                            (((scaleFactor - MIN_SCALE) / (1 - MIN_SCALE)) * (1 - MIN_ALPHA)))
                }
                else -> { // (1,+Infinity]
                    // This page is way off-screen to the right.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Java

public class ZoomOutPageTransformer implements ViewPager2.PageTransformer {
    private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.85f;
    private static final float MIN_ALPHA = 0.5f;

    public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
        int pageWidth = view.getWidth();
        int pageHeight = view.getHeight();

        if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
            // This page is way off-screen to the left.
            view.setAlpha(0f);

        } else if (position <= 1) { // [-1,1]
            // Modify the default slide transition to shrink the page as well.
            float scaleFactor = Math.max(MIN_SCALE, 1 - Math.abs(position));
            float vertMargin = pageHeight * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
            float horzMargin = pageWidth * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
            if (position < 0) {
                view.setTranslationX(horzMargin - vertMargin / 2);
            } else {
                view.setTranslationX(-horzMargin + vertMargin / 2);
            }

            // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1).
            view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
            view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

            // Fade the page relative to its size.
            view.setAlpha(MIN_ALPHA +
                    (scaleFactor - MIN_SCALE) /
                    (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - MIN_ALPHA));

        } else { // (1,+Infinity]
            // This page is way off-screen to the right.
            view.setAlpha(0f);
        }
    }
}

Depth page transformer

This page transformer uses the default slide animation for sliding pages to the left, while using a "depth" animation for sliding pages to the right. This depth animation fades the page out and scales it down linearly.

Figure 3. DepthPageTransformer example.
 

During the depth animation, the default animation (a screen slide) still takes place, so you must counteract the screen slide with a negative X translation. For example:

Kotlin

view.translationX = -1 * view.width * position

Java

view.setTranslationX(-1 * view.getWidth() * position);

The following example shows how to counteract the default screen slide animation in a working page transformer:

Kotlin

private const val MIN_SCALE = 0.75f

@RequiresApi(21)
class DepthPageTransformer : ViewPager2.PageTransformer {

    override fun transformPage(view: View, position: Float) {
        view.apply {
            val pageWidth = width
            when {
                position < -1 -> { // [-Infinity,-1)
                    // This page is way off-screen to the left.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
                position <= 0 -> { // [-1,0]
                    // Use the default slide transition when moving to the left page.
                    alpha = 1f
                    translationX = 0f
                    translationZ = 0f
                    scaleX = 1f
                    scaleY = 1f
                }
                position <= 1 -> { // (0,1]
                    // Fade the page out.
                    alpha = 1 - position

                    // Counteract the default slide transition.
                    translationX = pageWidth * -position
                    // Move it behind the left page.
                    translationZ = -1f

                    // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1).
                    val scaleFactor = (MIN_SCALE + (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - Math.abs(position)))
                    scaleX = scaleFactor
                    scaleY = scaleFactor
                }
                else -> { // (1,+Infinity]
                    // This page is way off-screen to the right.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Java

@RequiresApi(21)
public class DepthPageTransformer implements ViewPager2.PageTransformer {
    private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.75f;

    public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
        int pageWidth = view.getWidth();

        if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
            // This page is way off-screen to the left.
            view.setAlpha(0f);

        } else if (position <= 0) { // [-1,0]
            // Use the default slide transition when moving to the left page.
            view.setAlpha(1f);
            view.setTranslationX(0f);
            view.setTranslationZ(0f);
            view.setScaleX(1f);
            view.setScaleY(1f);

        } else if (position <= 1) { // (0,1]
            // Fade the page out.
            view.setAlpha(1 - position);

            // Counteract the default slide transition.
            view.setTranslationX(pageWidth * -position);
            // Move it behind the left page
            view.setTranslationZ(-1f);

            // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1).
            float scaleFactor = MIN_SCALE
                    + (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - Math.abs(position));
            view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
            view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

        } else { // (1,+Infinity]
            // This page is way off-screen to the right.
            view.setAlpha(0f);
        }
    }
}

Additional resources

To learn more about ViewPager2, see the following additional resources.

Samples

Videos