Added in API level 1

Executors

class Executors
kotlin.Any
   ↳ java.util.concurrent.Executors

Factory and utility methods for Executor, ExecutorService, ScheduledExecutorService, ThreadFactory, and Callable classes defined in this package. This class supports the following kinds of methods:

  • Methods that create and return an ExecutorService set up with commonly useful configuration settings.
  • Methods that create and return a ScheduledExecutorService set up with commonly useful configuration settings.
  • Methods that create and return a "wrapped" ExecutorService, that disables reconfiguration by making implementation-specific methods inaccessible.
  • Methods that create and return a ThreadFactory that sets newly created threads to a known state.
  • Methods that create and return a Callable out of other closure-like forms, so they can be used in execution methods requiring Callable.

Summary

Public methods
static Callable<Any!>!

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given task and returns null.

static Callable<T>!
callable(task: Runnable!, result: T)

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given task and returns the given result.

static Callable<Any!>!

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given privileged action and returns its result.

static Callable<Any!>!

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given privileged exception action and returns its result.

static ThreadFactory!

Returns a default thread factory used to create new threads.

static ExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but will reuse previously constructed threads when they are available.

static ExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but will reuse previously constructed threads when they are available, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.

static ExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads operating off a shared unbounded queue.

static ExecutorService!
newFixedThreadPool(nThreads: Int, threadFactory: ThreadFactory!)

Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads operating off a shared unbounded queue, using the provided ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.

static ScheduledExecutorService!
newScheduledThreadPool(corePoolSize: Int)

Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.

static ScheduledExecutorService!
newScheduledThreadPool(corePoolSize: Int, threadFactory: ThreadFactory!)

Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.

static ExecutorService!

Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating off an unbounded queue.

static ExecutorService!

Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating off an unbounded queue, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to create a new thread when needed.

static ScheduledExecutorService!

Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.

static ScheduledExecutorService!

Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.

static ExecutorService!

Creates a work-stealing thread pool using the number of available processors as its target parallelism level.

static ExecutorService!
newWorkStealingPool(parallelism: Int)

Creates a thread pool that maintains enough threads to support the given parallelism level, and may use multiple queues to reduce contention.

static Callable<T>!

Legacy security code; do not use.

static Callable<T>!

Legacy security code; do not use.

static ThreadFactory!

Legacy security code; do not use.

static ExecutorService!

Returns an object that delegates all defined ExecutorService methods to the given executor, but not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using casts.

static ScheduledExecutorService!

Returns an object that delegates all defined ScheduledExecutorService methods to the given executor, but not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using casts.

Public methods

callable

Added in API level 1
static fun callable(task: Runnable!): Callable<Any!>!

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given task and returns null.

Parameters
task Runnable!: the task to run
Return
Callable<Any!>! a callable object
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if task null

callable

Added in API level 1
static fun <T : Any!> callable(
    task: Runnable!,
    result: T
): Callable<T>!

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given task and returns the given result. This can be useful when applying methods requiring a Callable to an otherwise resultless action.

Parameters
<T> the type of the result
task Runnable!: the task to run
result T: the result to return
Return
Callable<T>! a callable object
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if task null

callable

Added in API level 1
static fun callable(action: PrivilegedAction<*>!): Callable<Any!>!

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given privileged action and returns its result.

Parameters
action PrivilegedAction<*>!: the privileged action to run
Return
Callable<Any!>! a callable object
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if action null

callable

Added in API level 1
static fun callable(action: PrivilegedExceptionAction<*>!): Callable<Any!>!

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given privileged exception action and returns its result.

Parameters
action PrivilegedExceptionAction<*>!: the privileged exception action to run
Return
Callable<Any!>! a callable object
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if action null

defaultThreadFactory

Added in API level 1
static fun defaultThreadFactory(): ThreadFactory!

Returns a default thread factory used to create new threads. This factory creates all new threads used by an Executor in the same ThreadGroup. It uses the group of the thread invoking this defaultThreadFactory method. Each new thread is created as a non-daemon thread with priority set to the smaller of Thread.NORM_PRIORITY and the maximum priority permitted in the thread group. New threads have names accessible via Thread.getName of pool-N-thread-M, where N is the sequence number of this factory, and M is the sequence number of the thread created by this factory.

Return
ThreadFactory! a thread factory

newCachedThreadPool

Added in API level 1
static fun newCachedThreadPool(): ExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but will reuse previously constructed threads when they are available. These pools will typically improve the performance of programs that execute many short-lived asynchronous tasks. Calls to execute will reuse previously constructed threads if available. If no existing thread is available, a new thread will be created and added to the pool. Threads that have not been used for sixty seconds are terminated and removed from the cache. Thus, a pool that remains idle for long enough will not consume any resources. Note that pools with similar properties but different details (for example, timeout parameters) may be created using ThreadPoolExecutor constructors.

Return
ExecutorService! the newly created thread pool

newCachedThreadPool

Added in API level 1
static fun newCachedThreadPool(threadFactory: ThreadFactory!): ExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but will reuse previously constructed threads when they are available, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.

Parameters
threadFactory ThreadFactory!: the factory to use when creating new threads
Return
ExecutorService! the newly created thread pool
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if threadFactory is null

newFixedThreadPool

Added in API level 1
static fun newFixedThreadPool(nThreads: Int): ExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads operating off a shared unbounded queue. At any point, at most nThreads threads will be active processing tasks. If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active, they will wait in the queue until a thread is available. If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent tasks. The threads in the pool will exist until it is explicitly shutdown.

Parameters
nThreads Int: the number of threads in the pool
Return
ExecutorService! the newly created thread pool
Exceptions
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if nThreads <= 0

newFixedThreadPool

Added in API level 1
static fun newFixedThreadPool(
    nThreads: Int,
    threadFactory: ThreadFactory!
): ExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads operating off a shared unbounded queue, using the provided ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed. At any point, at most nThreads threads will be active processing tasks. If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active, they will wait in the queue until a thread is available. If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent tasks. The threads in the pool will exist until it is explicitly shutdown.

Parameters
nThreads Int: the number of threads in the pool
threadFactory ThreadFactory!: the factory to use when creating new threads
Return
ExecutorService! the newly created thread pool
Exceptions
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if nThreads <= 0
java.lang.NullPointerException if threadFactory is null

newScheduledThreadPool

Added in API level 1
static fun newScheduledThreadPool(corePoolSize: Int): ScheduledExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.

Parameters
corePoolSize Int: the number of threads to keep in the pool, even if they are idle
Return
ScheduledExecutorService! the newly created scheduled thread pool
Exceptions
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if corePoolSize < 0

newScheduledThreadPool

Added in API level 1
static fun newScheduledThreadPool(
    corePoolSize: Int,
    threadFactory: ThreadFactory!
): ScheduledExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.

Parameters
corePoolSize Int: the number of threads to keep in the pool, even if they are idle
threadFactory ThreadFactory!: the factory to use when the executor creates a new thread
Return
ScheduledExecutorService! the newly created scheduled thread pool
Exceptions
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if corePoolSize < 0
java.lang.NullPointerException if threadFactory is null

newSingleThreadExecutor

Added in API level 1
static fun newSingleThreadExecutor(): ExecutorService!

Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating off an unbounded queue. (Note however that if this single thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent newFixedThreadPool(1) the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.

Return
ExecutorService! the newly created single-threaded Executor

newSingleThreadExecutor

Added in API level 1
static fun newSingleThreadExecutor(threadFactory: ThreadFactory!): ExecutorService!

Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating off an unbounded queue, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to create a new thread when needed. Unlike the otherwise equivalent newFixedThreadPool(1, threadFactory) the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.

Parameters
threadFactory ThreadFactory!: the factory to use when creating new threads
Return
ExecutorService! the newly created single-threaded Executor
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if threadFactory is null

newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor

Added in API level 1
static fun newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(): ScheduledExecutorService!

Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically. (Note however that if this single thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent newScheduledThreadPool(1) the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.

Return
ScheduledExecutorService! the newly created scheduled executor

newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor

Added in API level 1
static fun newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(threadFactory: ThreadFactory!): ScheduledExecutorService!

Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically. (Note however that if this single thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent newScheduledThreadPool(1, threadFactory) the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.

Parameters
threadFactory ThreadFactory!: the factory to use when creating new threads
Return
ScheduledExecutorService! the newly created scheduled executor
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if threadFactory is null

newWorkStealingPool

Added in API level 24
static fun newWorkStealingPool(): ExecutorService!

Creates a work-stealing thread pool using the number of available processors as its target parallelism level.

Return
ExecutorService! the newly created thread pool

newWorkStealingPool

Added in API level 24
static fun newWorkStealingPool(parallelism: Int): ExecutorService!

Creates a thread pool that maintains enough threads to support the given parallelism level, and may use multiple queues to reduce contention. The parallelism level corresponds to the maximum number of threads actively engaged in, or available to engage in, task processing. The actual number of threads may grow and shrink dynamically. A work-stealing pool makes no guarantees about the order in which submitted tasks are executed.

Parameters
parallelism Int: the targeted parallelism level
Return
ExecutorService! the newly created thread pool
Exceptions
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if parallelism <= 0

privilegedCallable

Added in API level 1
Deprecated in API level 34
static fun <T : Any!> privilegedCallable(callable: Callable<T>!): Callable<T>!

Deprecated: This method originally returned a Callable object that when called, executed the given callable under the current access control context. Access control contexts were only useful in conjunction with the Security Manager, which is no longer supported. There is no replacement for the Security Manager or this method.

Legacy security code; do not use.

privilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader

Added in API level 1
Deprecated in API level 34
static fun <T : Any!> privilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader(callable: Callable<T>!): Callable<T>!

Deprecated: This method originally returned a Callable object that when called, executed the given callable under the current access control context, with the current context class loader as the context class loader. Access control contexts were only useful in conjunction with the Security Manager, which is no longer supported. There is no replacement for the Security Manager or this method.

Legacy security code; do not use.

privilegedThreadFactory

Added in API level 1
Deprecated in API level 34
static fun privilegedThreadFactory(): ThreadFactory!

Deprecated: This method originally returned a thread factory that created new threads that had the same access control context as the current thread. Access control contexts were only useful in conjunction with the Security Manager, which is no longer supported. There is no replacement for the Security Manager or this method.

Legacy security code; do not use.

unconfigurableExecutorService

Added in API level 1
static fun unconfigurableExecutorService(executor: ExecutorService!): ExecutorService!

Returns an object that delegates all defined ExecutorService methods to the given executor, but not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using casts. This provides a way to safely "freeze" configuration and disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation.

Parameters
executor ExecutorService!: the underlying implementation
Return
ExecutorService! an ExecutorService instance
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if executor null

unconfigurableScheduledExecutorService

Added in API level 1
static fun unconfigurableScheduledExecutorService(executor: ScheduledExecutorService!): ScheduledExecutorService!

Returns an object that delegates all defined ScheduledExecutorService methods to the given executor, but not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using casts. This provides a way to safely "freeze" configuration and disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation.

Parameters
executor ScheduledExecutorService!: the underlying implementation
Return
ScheduledExecutorService! a ScheduledExecutorService instance
Exceptions
java.lang.NullPointerException if executor null